豹纹状眼底与眼部和全身疾病的相关性及其在人工智能下的识别与量化

Research progress of the correlation between fundus tessellation with ocular and systemic diseases as well as its identification and quantification based on artificial intelligence

豹纹状眼底在近视和老年人群中常见,是一种容易被观察和评估的眼底改变。纵向随访观察到豹纹状眼底改变可以保持长期稳定,也可以进一步发展而导致更严重的眼底病变和视觉质量下降。豹纹状眼底的临床重要性不仅是其作为近视性黄斑病变(MMD)发展的早期体征及预测指标,在一定程度上也可以辅助其他眼部及全身疾病如青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、认知功能障碍、唐氏综合征的早期识别及机制研究。目前,人工智能(AI)在豹纹状眼底的识别、分级和量化应用中取得了显著的成果。故文章讨论了豹纹状眼底改变相关的眼部与全身疾病及其潜在机制,以及AI对豹纹状眼底的识别和量化进展,以期为后续相关研究有所帮助。

Fundus tessellation,commonly observed in individuals with myopia and among the elderly,represents a fundus alteration easily discernible and assessable.Long-term monitoring has revealed that fundus tessellation may persist unchanged for extended periods or progress,potentially leading to more severe fundus lesions and diminished visual quality.The clinical significance of fundus tessellation is not only as an early indicator and predictor of myopic macular degeneration(MMD),but also,to some extend,as a helpful assistance in early identification and mechanism research of the other ocular and systemic disease,including glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,cognitive impairment,and Down syndrome.Currently,artificial intelligence(AI)has achieved remarkable results in detecting,grading,and quantifying fundus tessellation.Therefore,this paper discusses the ocular and systemic diseases related to changes in fundus tessellation,their underlying mechanisms,and advancements in AI-based identification and quantification of fundus tessellation,aiming to contribute to future research endeavors.