江西烟区烟青虫发生规律与防控时机研究

Occurrence Regularity and Control Timeline of Heliocoverpa assulta in Jiangxi Tobacco-growing Areas

采用诱捕和人工普查相结合的方法于2022年3月—2023年7月研究了江西烟区烟青虫成虫、卵、幼虫和蛹的发生和消长规律,根据发生规律制订了深耕冬灌、诱杀成虫、人工捕杀、释放赤眼蜂和施用生物农药等控制措施的适宜防治时间。结果表明,江西两大烟区4个烟草试验点共捕获烟青虫2108头,其中成虫681头、卵670粒、幼虫625头和蛹132粒。成虫于每年3月下旬开始出现,5月上中旬和6月中下旬分别出现密度高峰;卵于4月下旬出现,5月中旬和6月中旬密度较高;幼虫于5月上旬发生,5月下旬和6月下旬密度较高。与成虫发生进度比较,卵在烟株上发生进度推后5~10 d,幼虫推后10~15 d。根据卵和幼虫的发生规律,5月中旬之前发现的为越冬蛹,5月下旬之后发现的为当年第1代蛹。为有效控制烟青虫的发生危害,每年11月下旬到次年2月上半月可深耕冬灌杀灭杂草和土壤中的越冬蛹;3月下半月到7月上半月使用诱捕器诱杀烟青虫成虫;4月下半月到5月底施用生物农药防治烟青虫卵和幼虫。

We studied the occurrence regularity of Heliocoverpa assulta Guenée adult,egg,larva and pupa from March 2022 to July 2023 by pheromone trapping and manual survey,and then formulated the control timeline of five control methods including deep tillage and winter irrigation,trapping H.assulta adults,artificial killing,releasing trichogramma and applying biological pesticides.The results showed that a total of 2108 H.assulta were captured at 4 tobacco production sites,2 tobacco areas in Jiangxi,which included 681 adults,670 eggs,625 larvae and 132 pupae.Adults began to occur in late March every year,and attained to two density peaks in the first and middle ten-day of May,and the first and middle ten-day of June,respectively.Eggs appeared in late April,with high density in mid-May and mid-June.Larvae appeared in early May,and showed high densities in late May and June.Compared with the occurrence progress of adults,the occurrence of eggs and larvae on tobacco plants was delayed by 5~10 days and 10~15 days,respectively.According to the occurrence pattern of eggs and larvae,those discovered before mid-May are overwintering pupae,while those discovered after late May are the first generation pupae of the year.To control this pest,we suggested that deep tillage and winter irrigation should be used to kill H.assulta overwintering pupae in soils from late November to early February of the next year.Trapping H.assulta adults with lures should begin in late March and end in mid-July.Adopting bio-pesticides killing H.assulta larvae should be performed from late April to late May.