南方地区茶园机械化现状与发展建议

Current situation and development suggestions of mechanization in southern tea gardens

我国是茶叶大国,茶叶种植具有面积大、分布广、地形复杂等特点,茶叶产业发展必须通过茶园生产机械化来实现。茶叶生产主要包括耕作施肥、植保、灌溉、修剪和采摘等关键环节。其中耕作目前以人工浅耕除草为主,在规模较大的茶园有微耕机的应用;植保则以手动喷雾器喷洒农药为主,同时引入物理防治手段加以辅助;大众茶采摘以手工或手持机具为主,在宜机化茶园有乘坐式采茶机等大型设备的应用,而对于名优茶采摘仍依赖手工。通过对南方地区茶园耕作、植保和茶叶采摘等关键环节机械化现状的研究,分析了目前南方地区茶园种植机械化在茶园基础建设、作业机械、农机农艺融合等方面存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出加快茶园种植机械化进程的思路,旨在为南方地区茶园种植机械化的发展提供参考。

China is a major tea producing country,and tea cultivation has characteristics of large area,wide distribution,and complex terrain.Development of tea industry must be achieved through mechanization of tea plantation production.Key aspects of tea production include cultivation and fertilization,plant protection,irrigation,pruning,and picking.Currently,manual shallow tillage and weeding are main methods of cultivation,and micro tillage machines are used in larger tea gardens.Manual sprayers are commonly used for plant protection but physical control methods can be introduced to assist them.Hand or hand-held machines are primarily used for mass tea picking while ride-type tea picking machines are utilized in mechanized gardens on a larger scale.However,famous teas still rely on manual labor for their harvesting process.Therefore,through study of mechanization status of key links such as tea plantation cultivation,plant protection,and tea picking in southern region,problems of mechanization in tea plantation infrastructure construction,operation machinery,and agricultural machinery integration in southern region were analyzed.Based on above problems,ideas for accelerating mechanization process of tea plantation planting were proposed,aiming to provide reference for development of mechanization in tea plantation planting in southern region.