籽瓜跌落碰撞损伤试验研究

Experimental study on falling impact damage of seed melon

为研究籽瓜收获和储运环节产生的跌落碰撞机械损伤问题,对籽瓜进行跌落碰撞损伤试验,研究不同条件对籽瓜跌落碰撞机械特性和损伤的影响规律。单因素试验结果表明,跌落高度由100 mm到300 mm变化,加速度峰值、损伤体积均呈现逐渐增大趋势;籽瓜质量由3 kg到4 kg变化,加速度峰值呈现逐渐减小的趋势,损伤体积呈现逐渐增大趋势;跌落角度由0°到90°变化,加速度峰值、损伤体积呈现逐渐增大的趋势。多因素响应面试验结果表明,跌落高度与跌落角度的交互作用对加速度峰值影响显著,跌落高度与质量、质量与跌落角度的交互作用对加速度峰值影响不显著;质量与跌落角度的交互作用对损伤体积的影响显著,跌落高度与质量、跌落高度与跌落角度的交互作用对损伤体积影响不显著。建立了跌落高度、质量和跌落角度对试验指标加速度峰值、损伤体积的回归方程模型,进行了模型验证。所建立的回归模型预测可靠度高,可为籽瓜碰撞机械损伤的预测、低损机械收获装备的设计提供理论参考和指导。

In order to study mechanical damage caused by drop collisions during harvesting and storage of seed melon,drop collision damage tests were conducted on seed melon to investigate mechanical characteristics and damage effects of different conditions on seed melon drop collisions.Results of single factor experiment showed that maximum acceleration and damage volume gradually increased with drop height from 100 mm to 300 mm.When quality of seed melon increased from 3 kg to 4 kg,maximum acceleration showed a gradually decreasing trend,while damage volume showed a gradually increasing trend.When drop angle increased from 0°to 90°,maximum acceleration and damage volume showed a gradually increasing trend.Results of multi factor response surface test indicated that interaction between drop height and drop angle had a significant impact on maximum acceleration,interaction between drop height and mass,mass and drop angle had no significant effect on maximum acceleration.Interaction between quality and drop angle had a significant impact on damage volume,while interaction between drop height and quality,and drop height and drop angle had no significant impact on damage volume.Regression equation model for maximum acceleration and damage volume of experimental indicators was established based on drop height,mass,and drop angle,and the model was validated.Regression model established has high prediction reliability and could provide theoretical reference and guidance for predicting mechanical damage caused by seed melon collisions and designing low damage mechanical harvesting equipment.