层次分析视角下中法建交再思考

Rethinking the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between China and France from the Perspective of Hierarchical Analysis

中法关系是大国关系中的一组特殊关系,始终位居中国与西方主要发达国家关系的前沿。1964年1月27日,中法突破意识形态桎梏,发布建交公报,确立大使级外交关系。法国是第一个与新中国建交的西方大国,双方建交方式不拘一格。在回溯国内外学界对中法建交相关研究的基础上,本文基于层次分析法并借助法国部分官方档案,分别从国际体系层面、国家层面、领导人层面三个维度强调,当时国际格局的变化、法国国内政治的助力以及戴高乐主义的不断充实是推动法国与新中国建交的主要因素。通过多维度重新探究中法建交的推动因素,一方面有助于更加全面地了解中法建交的历史全貌,深化对两国在该时期建立大使级外交关系的理解;另一方面,2024年正值中法建交60周年,回溯双方建交过程中错综复杂的国际环境与独特的建交方式,对中、法双方在大变局中思考如何妥善处理与进一步发展双边关系具有重要现实意义和启示价值。

Sino-French relations hold a unique position among major power dynamics,serving as a model for China’s engagement with Western developed nations.On January 27,1964,China and France defied ideological barriers,establishing diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.This groundbreaking move marked France as the first Western nation to formally recognize the People’s Republic of China.This paper,drawing upon the hierarchical analysis method and utilizing French official archives,argues that the establishment of diplomatic relations was primarily driven by three key factors:shifting international landscape,French domestic politics,and evolving Gaullism.Examining the motivations behind the establishment of Sino-French diplomatic relations offers a multi-dimensional perspective on the historical trajectory of this partnership.It underscores the significance of this event,particularly in the context of the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations in 2024.Reflecting on this historical milestone provides valuable insights for both China and France as they navigate the evolving global landscape and seek to further strengthen their bilateral ties.