儿童急性髓系白血病早期流式微小残留病检测与预后相关性的临床研究

Association between Early Minimal Residual Disease Detected by Flow Cytometry and Prognosis in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia:A Clinical Retrospective Study

目的:探索应用多参数流式细胞术(MFC)监测儿童急性髓系白血病(AML)诱导化疗后骨髓微小残留病(MRD)对预测预后的价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年8月-2022年12月武汉儿童医院血液科97例初诊AML患儿接受诱导化疗第Ⅰ周期和第Ⅱ周期后采用MFC检测骨髓MRD的结果,并分析其与预后的相关性。结果:97例AML患儿诱导治疗Ⅰ后57名患儿MRD阳性(MRD1^(+),58.8%),诱导治疗Ⅱ后仍有19名患儿MRD阳性(MRD2^(+),19.6%)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示37例(64.9%)MRD1^(+)接受移植治疗患儿预计3年总生存(OS)率明显高于20例(35.1%)未接受移植治疗患儿(84.6%vs 40.0%,P=0.0001)。35例MRD1^(+)MRD2^(-)患儿中,接受移植的25例患儿3年OS率高于10例未移植患儿(87.2%vs 70.0%,P=0.3229)。19例MRD1^(+)MRD2^(+)患儿3年OS率低于35例MRD1^(+)MRD2^(-)患儿(57.4%vs 81.8%,P=0.059)。12例MRD2^(+)移植治疗患儿3年OS率高于MRD2+7例未移植患儿(80.8%vs 14.3%,P=0.0007)。12例MRD1^(+)MRD2^(+)移植患儿和25例MRD1^(+)MRD2-移植患儿3年OS差异无统计学意义(80.8%vs 87.2%,P=0.8868)。7例MRD1^(+)MRD2^(+)未移植患儿3年OS明显低于10例MRD1^(+)MRD2^(-)未移植患儿(14.3%vs 70.7%,P=0.0114)。进一步多因素分析结果显示MRD2^(+)和移植治疗是患儿预后的独立影响因素(P=0.031,0.000),MRD1^(+)对预测97例患儿总体生存无统计学差异(P=0.902)。结论:诱导化疗Ⅱ后MRD阳性是AML患儿预后不良的独立危险因素。MRD2^(+)预示着更差的预后,可筛选出需接受移植的患儿。MRD2^(+)不是患儿移植治疗禁忌症尽早移植明显改善高危患儿的预后。

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of minimal residual disease(MRD)detected by multi-parameter flow cytometry(MFC)in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)after induction chemotherapy.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 97 pediatric patients initially diagnosed with AML at Wuhan Children’s Hospital from August 2015 to December 2022.The study analyzed the results of MRD detection using MFC after the first and second cycles of induction chemotherapy,and its association with prognosis were analyzed.Results:Following the first cycle of induction treatment,57 of the 97 patients tested positive for MRD(MRD1^(+),58.8%).Subsequently,19 patients remained MRD positive(MRD2+,19.6%)after the second cycle of induction treatment.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the estimated 3-year overall survival(OS)rate of the 37(64.9%)MRD1 patients who underwent transplantation was significantly higher than that of the 20(35.1%)MRD1^(+)patients who did not undergo transplantation(84.6%vs 40.0%,P=0.0001).Among the 35 MRD1 MRD2^(-)patients,the 3-year OS rate of the 25 children who underwent transplantation was higher than that of the 10 children who did not undergo transplantation(87.2%vs 70.0%,P=0.3229).The 3-year OS rate of the 19 MRD1^(+)MRD2+patients was lower than that of the 35 MRD1^(+)MRD2^(-) patients(57.4%vs 81.8%,P=0.059).In the 19 MRD2+patients,the 3-year OS rate of the 12 children who underwent transplantation was significantly higher than that of the 7 children who did not undergo transplantation(80.8%vs 14.3%,P=0.0007).There was no significant difference in 3-year OS between the 12 MRD1^(+)MRD2+patients and 25 MRD1^(+)MRD2^(-)patients,both treated with transplantation(80.8% vs 87.2%,P=0.8868).In those not treated with transplantation,the 7 MRD1^(+)MRD2+patients had a significantly lower 3-year OS compared with the 10 MRD1^(+)MRD2^(-)patients(14.3% vs 70.7%,P=0.0114).Further multivariate analysis indicated that MRD2 positivity and transplantation were both independent prognostic factors(P=0.031,0.000),while MRD1 positivity was not significantly associated with the overall prognosis of 97 patients(P=0.902).Conclusion:MRD positivity following the second cycle of induction chemotherapy is an independent risk factor for unfavorable outcomes in children with AML.MRD2 positivity indicates a poorer prognosis and can help to identify the candidates requiring transplantation.MRD2 positivity is not a contraindication for transplantation in pediatric patients,and early transplantation significantly improves the prognosis of high-risk patients.