不同预防策略对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中枢复发的疗效分析

Different Prophylaxis Strategies for Central Nervous System Recurrence of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

目的:比较大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)和来那度胺作为不同的预防中枢神经系统(CNS)复发策略在初治弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)中的预防疗效。方法:回顾性分析福建省立医院和福建省肿瘤医院2012年1月-2022年6月初治CNS复发高风险的DLBCL患者资料,根据预防方案将患者分为HD-MTX组和来那度胺组。每组根据CNS-IPI评分和/或睾丸累犯将患者进一步分为高危组和中危组,评估不同治疗组及危险亚组CNS无复发生存率、治疗相关不良反应,以及不同预防策略对总生存率和无进展生存(PFS)率的影响。结果:CNS复发高风险DLBCL患者共200例其中HD-MTX组120例来那度胺组80例。根据HD-MTX预防时间的不同将HD-MTX组患者又分为诱导化疗结束后和化疗间歇期两组,两组分别80例和40例。中位随访48(14-133)个月,HD-MTX组和来那度胺组4年CNS无复发生存率分别93.6%和90.4%(P>0.05);4年PFS率分别为57.2%和69.4%(P>0.05),来那度胺组PFS有改善的趋势;4年总生存率分别为68.8%和75.6%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进一步亚组分析显示,HD-MTX组和来那度胺组中的高危患者4年CNS无复发生存率分别为91.7%和83.4%(P>0.05),未显示出CNS复发风险差异;而4年PFS率分别为49.5%和64.2%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HD-MTX组共收集248个周期进行不良反应分析,发生粒细胞减少伴感染有25个周期(占10.1%);来那度胺组在240个周期中有20个周期发生粒细胞减少伴感染(占8.3%),两组均未发生治疗相关死亡。结论:与HD-MTX相比,来那度胺联合免疫化疗在改善预后的同时可兼顾中枢预防是一种安全、耐受性良好的中枢预防策略。

Objective:To analyze the effects of highdose methotrexate(HD-MTX)and lenalidomide as central nervous system(CNS)prophylaxis strategies in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:The data of DLBCL patients with high risk of CNS recurrence who were initially treated in Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into HD-MTX group and lenalidomide group according to different prophylaxis strategies.Each group was further divided into high-risk group and medium-risk group based on CNS-IPI score and/or testicular involvement.The CNS relapse free survival(CRFS)rate,adverse effects,and the effects of different prophylaxis strategies on overall survival(OS)rate.and progression-free survival(PFS)rate were evaluated in different groups and subgroups.Results:There were 200 patients enrolled in this study,80 cases in lenalidomide group and 120 cases in HD-MTX group.According to the delivery timing of prophylactic HD-MTX,the patients in HD-MTX group were further divided into two groups:80 cases at the end of induction chemotherapy and 40 cases during chemotherapy interval.At a median follow-up of 48(14-133)months,the 4-year CRFS rate,4-year PFS rate,and 4-year OS rate of the HD-MTX group was 93.6%,57.2%,and 68.8%,respectively,while that of the lenalidomide group was 90.4%,69.4%and 75.6%.There were no significant differences in 4-year CRFS rate,4-year PFS rate,and 4-year OS rate between HD-MTX group and lenalidomide group(all P>0.05),but lenalidomide group showed a trend of improvement in PFS.Further subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 4-year CRFS rate between high-risk patients of the two groups(91.7%vs 83.4%,P>0.05),while 4-year PFS rate showed difference(49.5%vs 64.2%,P<0.05).A total of 248 cycles were collected for adverse reaction analysis in the HD-MTX group,and 25 cycles occurred neutropenia accompanied with infection(10.1%),while in lenalidomide group 240 cycles were collected in which 20 cycles occurred neutropenia accompanied with infection(8.3%).Both the two groups had no treatment related deaths.Conclusion:Compared with HD-MTX,lenalidomide combined with immunochemotherapy can prevent CNS relapse,at the same time,improve prognosis,which is a safe and well tolerated central prophylaxis strategy.