基于国内外政策分析的医疗人工智能伦理风险治理研究

Research on ethical risk governance of medical artificial intelligence based on domestic and foreign policy analysis

随着人工智能技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,给人们生活和工作带来便利的同时,也带来了透明度缺失、隐私泄露、自主决策权受限、责任归属模糊等一系列伦理挑战。通过比较人工智能在医疗领域应用的伦理风险治理情况,系统分析了来自10个国家和国际组织发布的30个政策法规,揭示了国际对于医疗人工智能伦理治理的共识与差异。结果发现:透明度、公平公正、不伤害、隐私保护、自由自主、负责任、以人为本是国际公认的7种伦理原则,为构建安全、可信、尊重人性的医疗人工智能生态系统提供了重要指导;此外,深入比较了中国、美国、欧盟的指南中的风险评估方法,发现关于风险类型、风险分级、风险评估流程标准均有不同,这种差异既反映了不同文化、法律背景及监管理念的差异,也提示了在全球化背景下加强国际合作的必要性。因此,建议制定适用于中国国情医疗人工智能伦理风险治理标准和规范,在借鉴国际经验的基础上,积极主动开展风险评估,减少伦理挑战,推动医疗人工智能技术的健康合理应用。

With the rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,it has brought convenience to people’s lives and work,while bringing a series of ethical challenges such as lack of transparency,privacy leakage,limited autonomy in decision-making,and blurred responsibility attribution.By comparing the ethical risk governance of the application of AI in the medical field,this paper systematically analyzed 30 policy regulations issued by 10 countries and international organizations,revealing the consensus and differences in ethical governance of medical AI internationally.The results showed that transparency,fairness and justice,non-harm,privacy protection,freedom and autonomy,responsibility,and people-oriented principles were seven internationally recognized ethical principles,providing important guidance for building a safe,trustworthy,and humane-respecting medical AI ecosystem.In addition,this paper deeply compared the risk assessment methods in the guidelines of China,the United States,and the European Union,as well as found differences in risk types,risk grading,and risk assessment process standards.These differences not only reflect diversities in different cultural,legal backgrounds,and regulatory concepts,but also highlight the necessity of strengthening international cooperation in the context of globalization.Therefore,it is recommended to develop ethical risk governance standards and norms for medical AI that applicable to China’s national conditions.Based on drawing on international experience,proactively carry out risk assessments,reduce ethical challenges,and promote the healthy and rational application of medical AI technology.