中东铁路对哈尔滨马克思主义传播影响探析

Analysis of the Influence of the Middle East Railway on the Spread of Marxism in Harbin

马克思主义在中国传播初期,主要通过日本、法国、俄国三个途径,其中俄国渠道主要源于中东铁路的修建及其沿线的发展。哈尔滨作为中东铁路的核心枢纽,成为早期马克思主义传播的重要信息集聚地和俄共的活动联络站。在中东铁路修建过程中,俄国布尔什维克通过多种方式和方法在哈尔滨进行马克思主义的宣传。因此,早在20世纪初期,哈尔滨中东铁路干线上的中国产业工人群体就已通过与俄国布尔什维克工人的交流,较早地接触到马克思主义思想,这促进了哈尔滨工人的思想觉醒,为后来中共哈尔滨组织的建立和发展奠定了阶级基础和思想准备。

In the early stages of the spread of Marxism in China,it mainly came through three channels:Japan,France,and Russia.The Russian channel mainly originated from the construction of the Middle East Railway and its development along the route.Harbin,as the core hub of the Middle East Railway,became an important gathering place for early Marxist dissemination and a liaison station for the activities of the Russian Communist Party.During the construction of the Middle East Railway,the Russian Bolsheviks carried out Marxist propaganda in Harbin through various means and methods.Therefore,as early as the early 20th century,the Chinese industrial workers on the Harbin Middle East Railway had already been exposed to Marxist ideas through exchanges with Russian Bolshevik workers,which promoted the ideological awakening of Harbin workers and laid the class foundation and ideological preparation for the establishment and development of the Communist Party of China’s Harbin organization.