不同浓度氨基酸叶面肥对平欧杂种榛‘辽3’叶片和果实的影响

Effects of Different Concentrations of Amino Acid Foliar Fertilizers on Leaves and Fruits of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana'Liao3'

以甘肃省临夏市栽植的平欧杂种榛品种‘辽3’为试材,在子房膨大期至坚果成熟期喷施200倍液、400倍液、600倍液、800倍液和1 000倍液氨基酸叶面肥,清水为对照(CK),测试相对叶绿素含量、光合特性、生理特性、果实外观品质和果仁矿质元素含量等指标。结果表明,喷施600倍液和800倍液可显著提高平欧杂种榛叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD),使叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上表皮和下表皮厚度等指标出现不同幅度增长,同样能显著提高‘辽3’净光合速率(Pn)。喷施800倍液可有效提升蒸腾速率(Tr),较CK可增长39.51%;气孔导度(Gs)较CK可增长40.68%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)与CK相比增幅为52.63%。喷施不同浓度氨基酸叶面肥对叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性均有促进作用,喷施1000倍液氨基酸叶面肥可有效增加平欧杂种榛单果质量且降低空壳率;而200倍液能显著增加果仁质量。喷施600倍液氨基酸叶面肥利于Zn元素、Mg元素和Ca元素含量提升,800倍液可提高Fe元素,1 000倍液可提高果仁中Mn元素含量。喷施适宜浓度的氨基酸水溶肥可有效改善平欧杂种榛‘辽3’的生长情况,提升叶片光合特性及果实矿质元素含量等指标以喷施氨基酸叶面肥为600倍液和800倍液为最佳。研究结果为平欧杂种榛‘辽3’的叶面喷肥管理提供了科学依据。

To investigate the effects of different concentrations of amino acid foliar fertilizers on the leaves and fruits of the Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana‘Liao3’,the amino acid foliar fertilizers were sprayed with 200 times,400 times,600 times,800 times and 1000 times amino acid foliar fertilizers from the ovary expansion stage to the nut maturity stage,water was the control(CK).We tested the relative chlorophyll content,photosynthetic and physiological characteristics as well as fruit appearance quality and kernel mineral element content of C.heterophylla×C.avellana‘Liao3’planted in Linxia City,Gansu Province.The results showed that the spraying of the 600-fold and 800-fold solutions significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of hazelnut leaves,as well as leaf thickness,federated tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,upper and lower epidermal thickness etc.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of‘Liao3’was also significantly increased.Spraying 800 times of the solution could effectively increase the transpiration rate(Tr)by 39.51%compared with CK,stomatal conductance(Gs)by 40.68%compared with CK,and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)by 52.63%compared with CK.To spraying different concentrations of amino acid foliar fertilizers promoted leaf catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)enzyme activities.spraying 1000 times of amino acid foliar fertilizers effectively to increase the quality of single fruits and reduced the rate of empty shells of the C.heterophylla×C.avellana‘Liao3’,while 200 times of the solution increased the quality of the kernels significantly.Spraying 600 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer which can improve the content of Zn,Mg and Ca,meanwhile 800 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer can improve Fe,and 1000 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer can improve the content of Mn in kernel.To spraying suitable concentration of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer can effectively improve the growth of C.heterophylla×C.avellana‘Liao3’,to enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and mineral content of fruits etc.In conclusion,spraying amino acid foliar fertilizers at 600 times and 800 times is the best.The results provide scientific basis for the management of‘Liao3’.