从“庭院”到“田野”:新中国成立初期南疆少数民族妇女劳动观念与劳动实践重塑

From"Courtyard"to"Field":Reshaping the Labor Concept and Practice of Ethnic Minority Women in Southern Xinjiang in the Early Stage of New China

新中国成立前的南疆社会在劳动观念与劳动实践上以男女两性自然分工为主,劳动内容上存在性别差异,劳动场所上存在空间区隔,劳动价值上存在有酬与无酬的认识。在新中国成立初期的国家整体变革中,党和政府坚持将农村妇女运动和农民运动紧密结合,倡导和树立“劳动光荣”观念,鼓励南疆少数民族妇女参与到大规模社会生产劳动当中,在农业、手工业和副业以及现代化工业生产中崭露头角。通过建立劳动互助组提高生产效率,在合作社和工厂中初步形成了对妇女的劳动保护,不断变革传统家庭内部分工,探索家务劳动社会化。南疆少数民族妇女劳动观念的变化与深度参与农业生产劳动的实践,有力提升了妇女社会地位。

Due to its unique geographical location,economic situation,and ethnic composition,the southern Xinjiang soci ety before the establishment of New China developed a closed and stable social order and cultural structure.In terms of labor con cepts and practices,the natural division of labor between men and women is the main focus.There are gender differences in la bor content,spatial barriers in the workplace,and recognition of paid or not for labor value.After the founding of New China,the government advocated women to participate in political movements and labor production.Ethnic minority women in southern Xin jiang were encouraged to actively participate in rent reduction and anti-hegemony and land reform,so as to obtain the means of production and living.Gradually establish the concept of"labor glory"and participate in large-scale social production labor.Women join labor mutual assistance groups in an organized form.Women have initially participated in modern industrial produc tion and formed labor protection for women.From"courtyard"to"field",the essence of the reflection is the profound change of the labor concept and labor practice of minority women in southern Xinjiang.Women's social status has been greatly improved in their participation in social productive labor.