青藏高原水塔水文功能及其调蓄机制

Hydrological function of water tower on Tibetan Plateau and its regulation and storage mechanisms

青藏高原被称为“亚洲水塔”,在水文、气候、生态等方面扮演着重要角色。当前关于水塔水文功能的认识大多停留在对储水功能阶段,对水塔调节功能及其机制的考虑尚显不足。本研究以流域保障和调节作用为视角,总结了青藏高原水塔在储水和调节方面的水文功能,详细梳理了多相态水塔的水文功能及其调蓄机制。青藏高原水塔不仅具有强大的储水功能,还具有对水塔区降水的再分配、对非水塔区径流量和径流年内分配,以及对流域降水、地表水、土壤水、地下水等水资源的调节功能。本研究为青藏高原水塔对上、下游生态水文影响评估提供了理论基础,有利于发挥水塔对流域的保障和调节作用,从而合理规划水利工程,以满足青藏高原及其周边地区的生产、生活和生态需求。

The Tibetan Plateau,known as the"Asian Water Tower,"is essential in terms of hydrology,climate,and ecology.At the moment,our understanding of the hydrological functions of the water tower is mostly focused on its storage function,with little attention paid to its regulation function and mechanism.In terms of watershed preservation and regulation,this study describes the hydrological functions of the water tower’s water storage and regulation,and the hydrological functions and storage-regulation mechanism of multi-phase water towers.The Tibetan Plateau Water Tower not just has a powerful function of water storage,but plays other roles-redistributing precipitation over the water tower region;adjusting the runoff and its distribution within a year in the non-water tower regions,and regulating water resources such as precipitation,surface water,soil water,and groundwater in the basin.This study helps lay a basis for assessing the ecological and hydrological impact of the water tower on the upper and lower basins of the plateau,useful for protection and regulation of the water tower on the basins,so as to meet the production,living,and ecological water needs of this region and its surroundings through rational planning of water conservancy projects.