2019至2021年郑州市采暖期和非采暖期大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃源解析与健康风险评估

Source analysis and health risk assessment of PM_(2.5)-bound PAH during heating and non-heating period in Zhengzhou from 2019 to 2021

目的:分析郑州市采暖期和非采暖期PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(PAH)的污染特征,推测其可能的来源并评估对人群健康的影响。方法:检测郑州市2019年1月至2021年12月采暖期和非采暖期PM_(2.5)及各种PAH浓度,利用特征比值法、主成分分析法和PMF模型推测PAH的来源,根据相关技术指南对PAH吸入途径的致癌风险进行评估。结果:采暖期PM_(2.5)和总PAH浓度中位数分别为72.00μg/m^(3)和7.28 ng/m^(3),非采暖期为50.00μg/m^(3)和7.16 ng/m^(3)。特征比值法分析结果显示,郑州市PAH污染主要来源于生物质和煤的燃烧以及机动车排放。主成分分析和PMF分析结果显示,采暖期PAH的主要来源为燃煤,非采暖期为机动车排放。郑州市大气PM_(2.5)中PAH对部分人群具有潜在的致癌风险。结论:郑州市采暖期PM_(2.5)中PAH主要来源于燃煤,非采暖期主要来源于机动车排放。PAH对人群具有潜在致癌风险,制定排放监测和控制方案势在必行。

Aim:To analyze the pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)in PM_(2.5) during heating period and non-heating period in Zhengzhou city,speculate its possible sources and evaluate its impact on population health.Methods:The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PAH were measured in Zhengzhou from January 2019 to December 2021.The characteristic ratio method,principal component analysis(PCA)and PMF model were used to predict the source of PAH,and the carcinogenic risk of PAH with different inhalation routes was assessed according to the relevant technical guidelines.Results:The median concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PAH were 72.00μg/m^(3) and 7.28 ng/m^(3) in heating period,and 50.00μg/m^(3) and 7.16 ng/m^(3) in non-heating period,respectively.The results of characteristic ratio method showed that the PAH pollution in Zhengzhou was mainly from coal and biomass combustion and vehicle emission.The results of principal component analysis and PMF analysis showed that the main source of PAH in heating period is coal burning,and the main source of PAH in non-heating period is traffic source.The results of health risk analysis suggested that the PAH in PM_(2.5) in Zhengzhou City have potential carcinogenic risk to the population.Conclusion:In Zhengzhou,the PAH of PM_(2.5) in heating period mainly comes from coal burning,while the PAH in non-heating period mainly comes from transportation sources.PAH has a potential carcinogenic risk to partial population,and it is imperative to develop emission monitoring and control programs.