螺吡喃类刺激响应变色聚合物的研究进展

Research Progress of Spiropyrans Stimuli-responsive Chromotropic Polymers

螺吡喃是一类可以对各种外部刺激做出反应而表现出不同性质的化合物。这些刺激可以是物理的、化学的或生物的,它们会导致螺吡喃化合物的结构、形状和性质发生变化。螺吡喃具有两个异构体:闭环的螺吡喃结构(SP)和开环的部花菁结构(MC)。螺吡喃化合物因结构简单、易于修饰和能够对多种刺激做出反应的优点,被广泛应用于制备刺激响应型聚合物和化学传感器。这些聚合物和传感器可应用于各个领域,如建筑、变色织物、光学防伪和离子检测等。本文综述了螺吡喃的合成途径,包括传统的三步合成法、一锅法以及较新的超声和微波合成法,还对螺吡喃聚合物的光致变色、机械力致变色、溶剂致变色、酸致变色、压致变色和热致变色等进行了综述,详细讨论了这些性质的机理、影响因素和实际应用。最后,展望了螺吡喃在设计和开发新型刺激响应材料和化学传感器领域的前景。

Spiropyrane,a class of compounds,displays diverse properties in response to a range of external stimuli encompassing physical,chemical,and biological factors.These stimuli induce changes in the structure,shape,and properties of spiropyran compounds.Within the spiropyran category,two isomers exist,namely a closed-loop spiropyran structure(SP)and an open-loop paroxycyanine structure(MC).Due to their uncomplicated structure,facile modification,and responsiveness to different stimuli,spiropyran compounds find extensive utility in the fabrication of stimuli-responsive polymers and chemical sensors.These versatile polymers and sensors have applications in various domains including construction,color-changing textiles,optical security,and ion detection.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the synthesis pathways employed for spiropyran compounds.The traditional three-step synthesis,one-pot synthesis,as well as newer techniques such as ultrasonic and microwave synthesis,are discussed.Furthermore,the paper delves into an examination of the photochromic,mechanochromic,solvatochromic,acidochromic,pressure chromism,and thermochromism exhibited by spiropyran polymers.The mechanism underlying these phenomena,factors influencing their manifestation,and practical applications are thoroughly discussed.Finally,the paper provides an outlook on the potential of spiropyran in the design and development of novel stimuli-response materials and chemical sensors.