甘露寡糖的生物学功能及在动物生产中的应用

Biological Function of Mannan Oligosaccharide and Its Application in Animal Production

目前,动物生产中仍面临由病毒、细菌和寄生虫引起的疾病问题,然而抗生素的频繁使用对环境造成恶劣影响,同时养殖动物耐药性逐渐增强。全面禁抗以来,寻找抗生素的替代品受到越来越多的关注,绿色无污染的抗生素替代品对畜牧业和饲料产业的发展至关重要。甘露寡糖(manno oligosaccharides,MOS)作为从酵母培养细胞中获取的绿色饲料添加剂,其对环境友好无污染、添加剂量小、天然无残留且稳定性强,具有调节肠道菌群环境、提高动物机体免疫力、增强动物抗氧化能力、缓解炎症反应、调节脂质代谢和促进动物生长性能的作用。增强全身和局部免疫系统、强化肠道完整性和功能以及刺激先天免疫系统都是MOS在动物体内的作用模式。然而MOS在实际生产中作用效果并不完全一致,MOS的结构、正确剂量、添加方式和持续时间以及养殖动物的种类、生长阶段和养殖条件等都是影响MOS作用效果的因素。另外,MOS与其他功能性添加剂的组合以及结合益生菌使用能发挥出更显著的效果。文章总结了MOS的理化性质、化学结构、生物学功能及其在家禽、猪、反刍、水产动物生产中的应用,为进一步促进MOS在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。

At present,animal production still faces the problem of diseases caused by viruses,bacteria,and parasites.However,the frequent use of antibiotics has a negative impact on the environment,and the drug resistance of farmed animals is gradually increasing.Since the comprehensive ban on antibiotics,the search for alternatives to antibiotics has received increasing attention.Finding green and pollution-free alternatives to antibiotics is crucial for the development of animal husbandry and feed industry.Manno oligosaccharides(MOS),as a green feed additive obtained from yeast cultured cells,are environ⁃mentally friendly and pollution-free.They are added in small doses,naturally residue free,and have strong stability.They can regulate the gut microbiota environment,improve animal immunity,enhance animal antioxidant capacity,alleviate inflammation,regulate lipid metabolism,and promote animal growth performance.Enhancing the systemic and local immune systems,enhancing intestinal integrity and function,and stimulating the innate immune system are all modes of action of MOS in animals.How⁃ever,the effect of MOS in actual production is not entirely consistent.The structure,correct dosage,addition method and duration of MOS,as well as the type,growth stage,and breeding conditions of breeding animals,are all factors that affect the ef⁃fect of MOS.In addition,the combination of MOS with other functional additives and the use of probiotics can achieve more significant results.This article elaborates and summarizes the physical and chemical properties,chemical structure,biological functions,and applications of MOS in the production of poultry,pigs,ruminants,and aquatic animals,providing a theoretical basis for further promoting the application of MOS in animal production.