甘肃环县甜水话古清、次浊入声字的今读调类及其成因

The Present-day Tonal Categories of the Voiceless Initial and Voiced Sonorant Initial Entering Tone Characters and Its Causes of the Tianshui Dialect in Huan County,Gansu Province

环县甜水镇位于甘宁两省区交界处,其方言处于中原官话秦陇片和兰银官话银吴片交界地带。古清、次浊入声字在甜水话中多数归阳平,少数归阴平、上声、去声。古清、次浊入多数读阳平是甜水话区别中原官话秦陇片陇东小片的一个重要语音特征,其形成跟兰银官话银吴片方言的接触影响有关;少数读上声、去声,可能由普通话、近代汉语声调及词调的影响造成。

Tianshui town,situated at the border of Gansu and Ningxia provinces,hosts a dialect that lies at the intersection of the Qinlong cluster within the Zhongyuan Mandarin dialect group and the Yinwu cluster of the Lanyin Mandarin dialect group.A notable phonological feature of the Tianshui dialect is that the majority of ancient voiceless initial and voiced sonorant initial entering tone characters are pronounced as Yangping(阳平),while a minor portion of these characters are read as Yinping(阴平),Shangsheng(上声),and Qusheng(去声).This preponderance of Yangping tone for such entering tone characters distinguishes Tianshui dialect from the Longdong sub-cluster within the Qinlong cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin.The formation of this feature is attributed to the contact and influence from the Yinwu cluster dialect of Lanyin Mandarin.Additionally,the presence of a small number of Shangsheng and Qusheng tones among these entering tone characters may be influenced by the tones and intonation patterns of Putonghua and modern Chinese.