水面舰艇反无人机技术发展研究

Research on the Development of Anti-Drone Technology for Surface Ships

目前水面舰艇面临的主要空中威胁为各种亚音速和超音速的反舰导弹,但随着无人机的快速发展和大量使用,无人机及其携带的精确制导武器正逐步成为水面舰艇新的重要威胁。现有舰载防空手段对无人机拦截效费比低、作战效能差,因此为水面舰艇提供低成本、高效能的无人机反制手段具有重要现实意义。本文对现有无人机装备进行分类总结,分析了水面舰艇面临的潜在无人机威胁;通过调研当前主流反无人机装备的作战能力及应用特点,结合当前无人机水面作战典型样式和水面舰艇防空作战能力,论述了水面舰艇反无人机技术目标探测复合化、拦截手段多样化、火控系统一体化、武器装备模块化以及装备成本最小化的发展趋势;同时,分析了舰艇反无人机涉及的关键技术,以期为舰艇反无人机技术发展提供参考。

The current main air threats faced by surface ships are various subsonic and supersonic anti-ship missiles.However,with the rapid development and mass use of UAVs,UAVs and the precision-guided weapons they carry are gradually becoming a new critical threat to surface ships.Existing ship-based air defense systems have a low cost-effectiveness ratio in intercepting UAVs and poor combat effectiveness.Thus,it’s of great practical significance to provide surface ships with low-cost and high-efficiency UAV countermeasures.This paper summarized the classification of existing UAVs equipment and analyzed the potential UAV threats faced by surface ships.After studying the combat capabilities and application characteristics of current main anti-UAV equipment,combing with the current typical patterns of UAV combat and the air defense combat capabilities of surface ships,the paper discussed the future development trend of surface ships'anti-UAV technology including complex target detection,diversification of the interception means,the integration of fire control systems,modularization of weapons,and minimization of equipment costs.Besides,the key technologies of ship-based anti-UAV equipment were investigated,providing a reference for ship-based anti-UAV equipment development.