公共数据开放能促进数字经济与实体经济融合吗?——来自政府数据平台上线的准自然实验

Can Open Public Data Promote the Integration of the Digital Economy and the Real Economy?A Quasi-Natural Experiment from A Government Data Platform Online

公共数据作为支撑数字化转型的重要基础资源和关键生产要素,评估其对数字经济与实体经济融合的影响是科学施政的前提。基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验,通过耦合评价模型测度2010—2021年全国280个地级市数字经济与实体经济融合水平,采用多期双重差分法实证检验以政府数据平台上线为表征的公共数据开放对数实融合的影响。研究发现:(1)公共数据开放显著促进了数字经济与实体经济融合,该结论经一系列稳健性检验依旧成立。(2)公共数据开放主要通过成本效应、要素配置效应、技术创新效应内在路径影响数字经济与实体经济融合。(3)公共数据开放对数实融合的提升效应在行政等级、市场保护及资源禀赋城市存在显著差异,且对高行政等级、市场一体化程度较高及非资源型城市表现更为明显。(4)政府数据开放质量越高,数实融合提升作用越明显,且开放数据质量、平台建设质量、政策保障力度一定程度上影响着公共数据开放的价值创造效应。基于上述结论,从重视培育全面的数据要素市场,多维度探索数实融合驱动路径,根据城市发展特征精准施策等方面提出了政策建议,为更好推动数字经济与实体经济的融合发展提供了参考。

As an important basic resource and key production factor supporting digital transformation,public data is a prerequisite for scientific governance to evaluate its impact on the integration of digital economy and real economy.Based on the quasi-natural experiment on the launch of government data platform,the coupling evaluation model is used to measure the integration level of digital economy and real economy in 280 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2021,and the multi-stage differential method is used to empirically test the impact of open public data,characterized by the launch of government data platform,on log-real integration.The findings are as follows:(1)the opening of public data significantly promotes the integration of digital economy and real economy,and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests.(2)Public data opening mainly affects the integration of digital economy and real economy through the internal path of cost effect,factor allocation effect and technological innovation effect.(3)The enhancement effect of open log-real integration of public data has significant differences in administrative level,market protection and resource endowment cities,and it is more obvious for high administrative level,high market integration degree and non-resource-based cities.(4)The higher the quality of government data opening,the more obvious the enhancement effect of data-real integration,and the quality of open data,the quality of platform construction,and the strength of policy guarantee affect the value creation effect of public data opening to some extent.Based on the above conclusions,the paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of attaching importance to cultivating a comprehensive data factor market,exploring multi-dimensional data-real integration driving path,tapping the potential of pilot policies,and implementing precise policies according to urban development characteristics,providing references for better promoting the integrated development of the digital economy and the real economy.