杭州地区学龄前流动儿童体格发育不良的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of physical dysplasia in migrant preschool children in Hangzhou

目的 分析杭州地区学龄前流动儿童体格发育不良情况的相关影响因素。方法 选取杭州地区学龄前流动儿童229例,测量其身高与体重,评估其年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)。根据评估结果分为体格发育不良组与发育正常组,比较两组基本信息,采用logistic回归分析法分析体格发育不良的影响因素。结果 229例儿童中,体格发育不良50例(21.83%),包括生长发育迟缓22例(9.60%),体重低下28例(12.23%);发育不良组出生体重明显低于发育正常组(t=2.63,P<0.05),发育不良组母亲受教育水平初中及以下、母亲身高<150 cm、偏食、每天户外活动时间≤1 h占比明显高于发育正常组,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2分别=20.61、10.38、51.30、13.25,P均<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,低出生体重、母亲受教育水平初中及以下、偏食、每天户外活动时间≤1 h为学龄前流动儿童体格发育不良的危险因素(OR分别=6.97、7.83、4.41、170.20,P均<0.05)。结论 杭州地区学龄前流动儿童体格发育不良的相关危险因素主要包括低出生体重、母亲受教育水平低、偏食、户外活动时间≤1 h/d等。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of physaical dysplasia in migrant preschool children in Hang⁃zhou.Methods A total of 229 migrant preschool children in Hangzhou were selected,and their height and weight were measured.The height for age Z-score(HAZ)and weight for age Z-score(WAZ)were evaluated.The children were divid⁃ed into poor physical development group and normal physical development group according to the evaluation results.Basic information of the two groups was compared,and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing fac⁃tors of poor physical development.Results Among the 229 children,there were 50(21.83%)children with poor physi⁃cal development including 22(9.60%)children with growth retardation and 28(12.23%)children with low weight.Birth weight of the poor development group was significantly lower than that of the normally development group(t=2.63,P<0.05).The proportions of maternal education level of junior high school or below,maternal height smaller than 150 cm,unbalanced diet and time for outdoor activities≤1 h/d in the poor development group were significantly higher than those in the normal development group(χ2=20.61,10.38,51.30,13.25,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis found that low birth weight,maternal education level of junior high school or below,unbalanced diet and time for outdoor activi⁃ties≤1 h/d were risk factors for physical dysplasia of migrant preschool children(OR=6.97,7.83,4.41,170.20,P<0.05).Conclusion The related risk factors of physical dysplasia in migrant preschool children mainly include low birth weight,low maternal education level,unbalanced diet and time for outdoor activities≤1 h/d.