荆州土地利用变化及其对生境质量影响的景观指数分析

Landscape Index Analysis of Land Use Change and Its Impact on Habitat Quality in Jingzhou

[目的]分析1980—2018年荆州市土地利用变化对生境质量的影响。[方法]采用景观指数、生境质量指数和地理探测器等方法,计算景观指数和生境质量指数,评估荆州市生境质量的等级和变化趋势,探讨自然和社会经济因素对生境质量的影响程度和方向。[结果]荆州市土地利用类型发生了明显变化,建设用地快速扩展,耕地大幅减少,导致土地资源紧缺和生态环境恶化。土地利用变迁以城市圈为核心向外扩散,北部多于南部,东部多于西部。荆州市生境质量整体较高,但呈递减趋势,2010年后下降速度有所放缓。生境质量斑块呈现破碎化、多样化、均匀化特征,整体上从西部向东部递减,沿江沿湖地区生境质量降低显著。影响生境质量分布的主要因素依次为建设用地面积、高程、夜间灯光亮度、土壤类型和坡度,主导因素由高程转变为建设用地面积。自然因素决定生境质量基本格局,人类活动的位置与强度导致生境质量变化。[结论]建议优先对生境质量降低的沿江沿湖地区进行生态修复,控制与规范城市建设用地,加强城市绿色空间建设,构建海绵城市。

[Objective]To analyze the impact of land use changes on habitat quality in Jingzhou City from 1980 to 2018.[Method]Using methods such as landscape index,habitat quality index and geographic detector,the landscape index and habitat quality index were calculated to evaluate the level and change trend of habitat quality in Jingzhou City,and to explore the degree and direction of the impact of natural and socio-economic factors on habitat quality.[Result]The land use type of Jingzhou City had undergone obvious changes,mainly manifested as the rapid expansion of construction land and the substantial reduction of cultivated land,leading to the shortage of land resources and the deterioration of ecological environment.The changes of land use spread outward from the urban circle,more in the north than in the south and more in the east than in the west.The overall habitat quality in Jingzhou was high,but showed a decreasing trend,and the decline rate slowed down after 2010.The characteristics of habitat quality patches were fragmentation,diversification and uniformity.The overall habitat quality decreased from west to east.Affected by the nature of shoreline and reclamation,the habitat quality decreased significantly in the areas along rivers and lakes.The main factors affecting the distribution of habitat quality in Jingzhou City were the construction land area,elevation,night light brightness,soil type,slope,etc.The leading factors changed from elevation to construction land area.Natural factors determined the basic pattern of habitat quality,and the location and intensity of human activities lead to the change of habitat quality.[Conclusion]It is suggested that priority should be given to ecological restoration in areas along rivers and lakes where the quality of habitat has been reduced,control and standardize urban construction land,strengthen the construction of urban green space,and build sponge cities.