蚯蚓肥对陕北毛乌素沙地土壤改良效应研究

Research on the Improvement Effect of Earthworm Fertilizer on the Soil of Mu Us Sandy Land

[目的]研究蚯蚓肥对陕北毛乌素沙地土壤改良效应,为解决陕北毛乌素沙地土壤性状差的问题提供方案。[方法]以中科羊草为指示作物,分别在沙地上施用不同含量的蚯蚓肥0 t/hm^(2)(CK)、30 t/hm^(2)(LE-1)、45 t/hm^(2)(LE-2)和60 t/hm^(2)(LE-3),测定含水率、孔隙度、容重等指标,分析不同处理下毛乌素沙地物理性状;测定土壤有机质含量、速效钾含量、有效磷含量、水解氮含量、pH等指标,分析不同处理下毛乌素沙地化学性状;测定作物的株高、叶面积、生物量等指标,分析不同处理下中科羊草的农艺性状。[结果]与CK相比,LE-1、LE-2和LE-3处理土壤含水率增幅为1.01%~7.90%,孔隙度增幅4.75%~5.31%,容重降低2.13%~4.14%;相较于CK,土壤有机质含量增幅118.33%~210.83%,速效钾含量增幅17.04%~94.84%,有效磷含量提升10.81%~116.22%,水解氮提升242.01%~261.27%,pH降低1.15%~1.39%;与CK相比,中科羊草株高增加15.95%~27.10%,叶面积提高15.00%~66.8%,生物量增加43.45%~94.87%。[结论]施用蚯蚓肥能够有效改善陕北毛乌素沙地土壤的理化性质,并显著改善中科羊草的生物学性状。通过主成分分析表明施用60 t/hm^(2)蚯蚓肥综合改良效果最佳,得分1.77。

[Objective]To study the effect of earthworm fertilizer on soil improvement in the Mu Us sandy land of northern Shaanxi,and provide a solution to the problem of poor soil properties in the Mu Us sandy land of northern Shaanxi.[Method]Using Leymus chinensis as an indicator crop,different concentrations of earthworm fertilizer 0 t/hm^(2)(CK),30 t/hm^(2)(LE-1),45 t/hm^(2)(LE-2),and 60 t/hm^(2)(LE-3)were applied on sandy land.Indicators such as moisture content,porosity,and bulk density were measured,and the physical properties of Maowusu sandy land under different treatments were analyzed;soil organic matter content,available potassium content,available phosphorus content,hydrolyzed nitrogen content,pH and other indicators were measured,and the chemical properties of Maowusu sandy land under different treatments were measured;the plant height,leaf area,biomass and other indicators of crops were measured,and the agronomic traits of Leymus chinensis under different treatments were analyzed.[Result]Compared with CK,the soil moisture content of LE-1,LE-2,and LE-3 treatments increased by 1.01%-7.90%,porosity increased by 4.75%-5.31%,and bulk density decreased by 2.13%-4.14%;compared to CK,the increase in soil organic matter content ranged from 118.33%to 210.83%,the increase in available potassium content ranged from 17.04%to 94.84%,the increase in available phosphorus content was 10.81%to 116.22%,the increase in hydrolyzed nitrogen was 242.01%to 261.27%,and the pH decreased by 1.15%to 1.39%;compared with CK,the plant height of Leymus chinensis increased by 15.95%-27.10%,leaf area increased by 15.00%-66.8%,and biomass increased by 43.45%-94.87%.[Conclusion]The application of earthworm fertilizer can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the Maowusu sandy land of northern Shaanxi,and significantly improve the biological characteristics of Leymus chinensis.The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive improvement effect of applying 60 t/hm^(2) earthworm fertilizer was the best,with a score of 1.77.