孕晚期孕妇分娩恐惧情况调查及影响因素分析

Survey on the fear of childbirth and its influence factors of pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy

目的:探讨孕晚期孕妇分娩恐惧发生情况及影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法选取2023年9-12月在山东第二医科大学附属医院就诊的490例孕晚期孕妇为研究对象,使用分娩恐惧量表(CAQ)、分娩自我效能量表(CBSEI-C32)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)收集孕妇分娩恐惧发生情况、产前焦虑情况、孕妇分娩自我效能感,分析分娩恐惧的影响因素。结果:分娩恐惧发生率为59.8%。logistic回归分析显示,产前SAS得分高为孕晚期孕妇恐惧的独立危险因素(OR=1.861;95%CI 1.224~2.829),有孕产史、CBSEI-C32得分高为孕晚期分娩恐惧的独立保护因素(OR=0.590,95%CI 0.393~0.886;OR=0.177,95%CI 0.118~0.266)。结论:孕晚期孕妇分娩恐惧发生率较高,分娩恐惧受孕产史、焦虑情绪、分娩自我效能感等因素影响,临床工作时应予以关注,并针对性制定干预策略。

Objective: To investigate the fear of childbirth and its influencing factors analysis of pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select 490 pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy from September to December 2023 as the study subjects. The childbirth fear scale(CAQ), childbirth self-efficacy inventory(CBSEI-C32), and anxiety self assessment scale(SAS) were used to collect the situations of the fear of childbirth, the prenatal anxiety and the self-efficacy in childbirth of the women. The factors affecting the fear of childbirth of the women were analyzed. Results: The incidence of the childbirth fear of the women was 59.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the prenatal anxiety was an independent risk factor of the childbirth fear of the pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy(OR=1.861, 95%CI 1.224-2.829). The history of pregnancy and childbirth(OR=0.590, 95%CI 0.393-0.886), and the high score of childbirth in self-efficacy(OR=0.177, 95%CI 0.118-0.266) of the women were the independent protective factors of their childbirth fear during the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: The rate of the childbirth fear of the pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy is higher, and the childbirth fear of the women is influenced by the factors, such as the pregnancy and childbirth history, the anxiety, and the self-efficacy in childbirth, which should be paid attention in the clinical work, and the targeted intervention strategies should be developed.