带状疱疹后神经痛的发病机制和诊治研究进展

Progress on the pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment of postherpetic neuralgia

带状疱疹是由潜伏在颅神经神经节和脊髓背根神经节内的水痘-带状疱疹病毒再激活后导致的皮肤感染。带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)是其最常见的慢性并发症,好发于老年人及免疫抑制患者,因其具有难治性的特点而严重影响患者的工作和生活质量。以往对PHN的介绍多数聚焦于临床研究和治疗策略,而对其发病机制的深入探讨较少。笔者从PHN相关的基础研究出发,详细综述了PHN的发病机制、危险因素、病情预估以及防治措施的现状与研究进展,旨在为PHN的临床诊治提供参考。

Herpes zoster is a skin infection caused by reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus in the cranial ganglia and dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord.Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)is the most common chronic complication of herpes zoster.It occurs in the elderly and immunosuppressed patients,and seriously affects the patients′work and quality of life due to its refractory nature.In the past,most of the studies on PHN focused on clinical research and therapeutic strategies,but less on its specific pathogenesis.This article summarizes the current status and progress of clinical research on PHN in its pathogenesis,risk factors,prognosis,and preventive and curative measures,aiming to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment of PHN.