日据时期朝鲜半岛汉语会话书中的疑问句

Interrogative Sentences in Overseas Chinese Language Education Documents During the Japanese Occupation of the Korean Peninsula

随着域外文献的不断发掘与整理,以明清至民国时期域外汉语文献为语料考察同时期汉语特征的研究方兴未艾。日据时期朝鲜半岛刊行的汉语会话书记录的语法现象呈现出早期现代汉语语法域外传播的同时特征。这些汉语会话书中的疑问句多“以词带句”呈现,主要包括四大类:以“麽(麼)、嗎、罷”类语气词为标记的是非问句;以“甚麽”类疑问词为标记的特指问句;以“是X(还)是Y”为代表的选择问句;以“VP-Neg-VP”为代表的反复问句等。当时语法学界对疑问句的界定与研究尚未成熟,汉语教科书文献中的疑问句蕴藏着域外汉语教学的句类认知及汉语教育的语法观念,或可为汉语教育教学史及汉语语法学史研究提供更为宽广的全球史视阈。

As historical documents of the early foreign language education in the Republic of China,the grammatical phenomenon presented by the series of Chinese textbooks published in Korea is related to the rise and development of early Chinese grammar.These phenomena reflect the influence of Chinese grammar on early overseas Chinese language education.The interrogative sentences recorded in conversation textbooks are mainly divided into four categories:1)the modal particles and interrogative sentences with“me”“ma”“ba”;2)“shenme”interrogative pronouns and specific interrogative sentences;3)“is X or is Y”structure;4)choice interrogative sentences;“V no V”structure and positive and negative interrogative sentences.The choice of modal particles and interrogative words in the above interrogative sentences reflects the recognition of interrogative sentences in overseas Chinese language teaching in the 1930s,and also reflects the grammatical concepts in the field of overseas Chinese language education.