溥仪的“初政”:1922—1924年逊清朝局的演进与出宫事件

Puyi's"Early Administration":The Evolution of the Abdicated Qing Court's Political Situation from 1922 to 1924 and the Expel of Deposed Puyi

民国建立以后,逊清朝廷的高层长期由以溥仪生父载沣为首的王公亲贵、师傅与内务府大臣组成,政治取向保守而谨慎,尚能与“在野”遗老及复辟活动保持一定距离。但是,随着溥仪开始“亲政”,这一结构逐渐被破坏。郑孝胥、罗振玉等富有政治野心与复辟倾向的遗老受到溥仪信赖,在清理皇产、加派南书房行走、内务府改革等活动中陆续涌入逊清朝廷,形成派系倾轧的局面,而载沣等旧臣则逐渐边缘化。这一趋势一直延续至1924年溥仪出宫以后。探讨溥仪出宫及复辟问题不能局限于“法理”层面,也需要重视1922年后逊清朝廷内部权力结构出现的变化。

After the founding of the Republic of China,the senior officials of the abdicated Qing court were composed of the nobility headed by Zaifeng,Puyi's biological father,masters and ministers of the Ministry of Imperial Household Department for a long time.The political orientation tended to be conservative and rigorous which led them to keep a certain distance from idle old fogies and restoration.However,as Puyi came to power,this structure was gradually destroyed.Zheng Xiaoxu,Luo Zhenyu and other politically ambitious and restoration-oriented old fogies were trusted by Puyi,and they poured into the abdicated Qing court one after another in activities such as the liquidations of the imperial property,the reinforce of South Study Special Aide,and the reform of Imperial Household Department,forming a situation of scramble for power,while Zai Feng and other veteran ministers were gradually marginalized.This tendency continued until Puyi left the Palace in 1924.Discussions on the expel of deposed Puyi and restoration cannot be limited to the"jurisprudence",but also need to pay attention to the changes in the the abdicated Qing court's power structure after 1922.