何谓“区域国别音乐研究”?——基于对民族音乐学学科史的回顾与反思

What is“Regional and National Music Studies”:Review and Reflection on the History of Ethnomusicology

区域国别音乐研究主要以国别或国别中的区域音乐为切入点,借助于语言学、社会学、政治学、历史学、人类学等交叉学科思维,将海外音乐置于全球史或“世界性社会”维度中,针对其蕴含的民族性格(心理)、文化功能、社会功能、政治功能、宗教功能等展开长期居住式的田野考察,为洞察海外社会、文化、政治、民俗、宗教等历史发展与当代变迁问题提供研究依据。从世界民族音乐到跨界(境)族群音乐研究再到区域国别音乐研究三者之间的学术生成语境与历史演进来看,似乎看到了“音乐政治学”研究的回归。比较音乐学、民族音乐学研究与区域国别音乐研究在研究理念、研究目的等方面有诸多共性与细微差异之处,其概念生成既是为了贴合国家主流意识的形态学术话语,整合中国民族音乐学研究领域关于世界民族音乐、跨界族群音乐研究两者学术边界划分过细的问题,也是对比较音乐学、民族音乐学学科研究方法与研究目的的修正与反思。区域国别音乐研究不但可以有效助力中国“区域国别学”的研究进程与整体性研究,而且有助于从艺术学领域推进中国特色的哲学社会科学自主知识体系的整体性构建。

Regional and national music studies primarily focuses on the music of specific countries or regions within those countries,employing interdisciplinary approaches from linguistics,sociology,political science,history,and anthropology.This field places overseas music within the context of global history or a“world society”perspective,conducting long-term fieldwork to explore the national character(psychology),cultural functions,social functions,political functions,and religious functions embedded in the music.The aim is to provide a basis for understanding the historical development and contemporary changes in overseas societies,cultures,politics,folklore,and religions.The evolution from world ethnic music to cross-border ethnic music research,and then to regional and national music studies,suggests a return to the study of“music politics.”There are many commonalities and nuanceddifferences in research concepts and objectives among comparative musicology,ethnomusicology,and regional and national music studies.The concept of regional and national music studies has been developed to align with the mainstream ideological academic discourse in China,integrating the over-detailed boundaries of world ethnic music and cross-border ethnic music in Chinese ethnomusicology.It also reflects a revision and reconsideration of the research methods and objectives in comparative musicology and ethnomusicology.Regional and national music studies not only contributes to the research process and comprehensive study of China’s“regional and national studies”,but also advances the holistic construction of an independent knowledge system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristicsin the field of art studies.