异戊烯基转移酶催化异黄酮类的异戊烯基化研究进展

Research Progress of Prenylation of Isoflavonoids Catalyzed by Prenyltransferases

异戊烯基异黄酮具有优良的生物活性,广泛应用于医药、食品等领域,异戊烯基是其药效基团之一。化学法进行异戊烯基化反应存在化学、区域选择性差,且保护羟基与去保护步骤多,限制了该反应的研究和开发。在植物体内,异戊烯基转移酶催化使异戊烯基供体转移到异黄酮底物上。植物来源的异戊烯基转移酶是膜蛋白,催化效率低,分离纯化比可溶性蛋白困难。真菌来源的异戊烯基转移酶是可溶的,具有广泛的底物和供体杂泛性,具有成为生物催化剂的潜力,并且能接受异黄酮作为底物。本论文对近20年关于异戊烯基异黄酮的结构特点、酶催化异黄酮的异戊烯基化的研究进展进行综述。

Prenylated isoflavonoids have excellent biological activity and are widely used in pharmaceutical and food industry.Prenyl unit is one of the pharmacophores of prenylated isoflavonoids.Chemical prenylation usually has poor chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for several positions,and protection and deprotection of hydroxyl are usually necessary in the synthetic route.In plants,membrane-bound prenyltransferases transfer the prenyl unit from dimethylallyl diphosphate to the isoflavonoid scaffold.Prenyltransferases from plants are membrane-bound proteins and catalytic activities of these proteins are very low,and these proteins are difficult to overproduce and purify than soluble enzymes.Prenyltransferases from fungi are soluble and exhibit promiscuity toward diverse aromatic acceptors and prenyl donors,which have great potential to be biocatalysts,and these prenyltransferases accept isoflavonoids as subustrates.The present review deals with the structural characteristics of prenylated isoflavonoids and the prenylation of isoflavonoids by prenyltransferases of isoflavonoids in the past 20 years.