新时代城乡学校一体化发展的成就、挑战与对策

Achievement,Challenge and Countermeasure of the Integrated Development of Urban and Rural Schools in the New Era

党的十八大以来,我国义务教育的均衡发展成为教育改革的核心议题,建设城乡一体化学校成为缓解城乡教育不均衡的重要抓手。经过十多年的探索,城乡学校的一体化实践在城乡布局、管理架构、标准建设、机制保障、方式创新等方面已经取得了一定的成就,但各级政府统筹联动机制不协调,乡村学校资源转化的内生动力薄弱,城乡教师的流动悖论等挑战依然存在。新时代的城乡学校一体化发展必须在教育管理体制改革中进一步发挥市级政府的枢纽功能,提升省级统筹与以县为主的上下联动效力;立足自主和特色发展,促进乡村学校活力发展;聚焦教师“走网”建设,健全城乡师资弹性流动机制,才能适切回应城乡融合的时代主题。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the balanced development of compulsory education in China has become the core issue of educational reform and building an integrated school of urban and rural areas has become an important starting point to alleviate the imbalance between urban and rural education.After more than ten years of exploration,the integration practice has made some achievement in urban and rural layout,management structure,standard construction,mechanism guarantee,and pattern innovation.However,there are still some problems,such as uncoordinated mechanism of governments at different levels,weak endogenous motivation of resource transformation in rural schools and the paradox of teacher mobility in urban and rural areas.The integrated development of urban and rural schools in the new era must give full play to the pivotal function of city-level government in the reform of educational management system and enhance the linkage effect between the planning at provincial level and county-dominated implementation,promote the dynamic development of rural schools based on independent and unique development,and focus on the network construction of teachers and perfect the flexible flow mechanism of teachers in urban and rural areas,so as to respond to the theme of urban-rural integration.