脑机接口技术在脑卒中患者下肢功能康复中的应用前景

Application prospect of brain-computer interface technology in the rehabilitation of lower limb function in stroke patients

背景:近年来,脑机接口技术通过对动作意图的识别实现对外部设备的操控,改变了人类与计算机的交互方式,可用于脑卒中后下肢功能的治疗,为脑卒中患者康复带来了新的希望。目的:分析和总结近些年脑机接口技术在脑卒中患者下肢运动功能康复中的应用,探讨脑机接口技术在脑卒中患者下肢功能康复中的临床应用价值。方法:以“脑卒中,脑机接口,下肢”为中文检索词,在中国知网进行相关文献检索;以“stroke,brain-computer interfaces,lower extremity”为英文检索词,在PubMed数据库进行相关文献检索,检索时间范围为2014年1月至2024年6月。结果与结论:脑机接口对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能恢复具有良好的应用前景,在康复医学应用领域正在不断扩大,但其机制尚未完全阐释清楚;此外,在采集患者脑电信号方面存在一定的局限,导致脑机接口系统精确识别肢体运动的能力较差,并且目前该技术的解码方法对识别步态周期存在局限性,不能精确定位到下肢各关节与肌肉的随意运动,阻碍了脑机接口技术的应用。未来的研究应该集中在阐明脑机接口技术对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能恢复的神经机制,增强大脑运动信号提取技术和设备,为个体患者制定多模态反馈实现更有效的运动康复,以期推动脑机接口技术在下肢运动功能康复领域的进一步发展,改善患者的康复效果,提高生活质量。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,brain-computer interface technology has emerged as a transformative approach in human-computer interaction by recognizing movement intentions to control external devices.This technology has been utilized in the treatment of lower limb functions after stroke,offering new hope for the rehabilitation of stroke patients.OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the application of brain-computer interface technology in the rehabilitation of lower limb motor functions in stroke patients in recent years,and to explore the clinical application value of brain-computer interface technology in the functional rehabilitation of the lower limbs in stroke patients.METHODS:A literature search in CNKI and PubMed was conducted using“stroke,brain-computer interfaces,lower extremity”as search terms in Chinese and English,respectively,with the search time range set from January 2014 to June 2024.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Brain-computer interfaces hold promising prospects for the recovery of lower limb motor function in stroke patients,and their application in the field of rehabilitation medicine is continuously expanding.However,the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.Moreover,there are certain limitations in the acquisition of electroencephalogram signals from patients,resulting in reduced precision for brain-computer interface systems in recognizing limb movements.Current decoding methods also exhibit constraints in identifying the gait cycle and fail to accurately locate voluntary movements of the various joints and muscles of the lower limbs,impeding the application of brain-computer interface technology.Subsequent research should focus on elucidating the neural mechanisms by which brain-computer interface technology facilitates the recovery of lower limb motor functions in stroke patients,refining the technologies and devices for extracting brain motor signals,and formulating multimodal feedback for individual patients to realize more effective motor rehabilitation.These advances could propel the development of brain-computer interface technology in the field of lower limb motor function recovery,ameliorate patient rehabilitation outcomes,and elevate the quality of life.