居民对城市森林的认知和需求研究——来自中国18个省市的城市居民问卷调查

Perceptions and Needs of Residents for Urban Forests:A Questionnaire Survey from 18 Provinces in China

城市森林与人密切关联,揭示居民对城市森林的使用和认知,对于城市森林的建设和优化具有重要意义。文章以胡焕庸线东侧18个省份为研究地点,开展全国范围内跨城市尺度的城市森林公众使用和认知调查,并基于7187个有效样本分析中国居民对城市森林的使用模式、效益认知和景观偏好。结果表明:1)90%的中国居民会使用城市森林,其中近郊城市森林是最常使用的类型,10%居民是由于时间和距离成本放弃对城市森林使用。2)相比于供给服务,中国居民对城市森林调节服务和文化服务重要性具有更强认知,其中改善空气质量被认为是最重要正效益;同时对城市森林负效益总体认知偏低,中国居民高度认可城市森林建设。3)城市森林正效益的重要性认知存在空间分异,其中供给服务对于华南地区最重要,调节服务和文化服务重要性在华东地区,华北和华南地区内部差异明显;城市森林负效益重要性的认知不存在地区间差异。4)中国居民总体上认为偏人工的城市森林景观具有最强吸引力和最大生态效益,但男性、本科及以上学历和高收入群体认为偏自然景观具有更强吸引力和更大效益。据此,提出强化近郊城市森林建设、提升城市服务和景观质量的对策。

Urban forests are closely associated with people.Revealing residents' utilizations and perceptions of urban forests are significant for the establishment and optimization of urban forests.Focusing on the 18 provinces/municipalities east to the Hu Line,the study conducts a public utilization/perception survey on urban forests,with 7187 valid samples after cleaning and screening to analyze the use mode,benefit perception and landscape preferences of Chinese residents for urban forests.This research findings indicate:1) 90% of residents in China utilize urban forests,with suburban urban forests being the type most frequently used,while 10% keep away from urban forests due to time and distance;2) Residents in China attribute higher importance to the regulating services and cultural services of urban forests comparing to provisioning services,in which air quality improvement is considered the most significant positive benefit,while they have relatively low perception over the negative impacts of urban forests;3) Spatial variations exist in the perceived importance of the positive benefits of urban forests,which shows that provisioning services are perceived most important in the South China,while the importance of regulating and cultural services is varyingly perceived within the East China,North China,and South China,and there is however no regional difference in the perceived importance of the negative impacts of urban forests;and 4) Overall,residents in China find predominantly artificial urban forest landscapes most attractive and ecologically beneficial,while the males,those with bachelor's degrees or higher,and higher-income groups believe naturalistic landscapes are more appealing and beneficial.Based on these findings,strategies are proposed to enhance the establishment of peri-urban forest and improve urban service and landscape quality.