近35年来新疆城市扩张及绿地格局演变的时空特征

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Urban Expansion and Green Space Pattern Evolution in Xinjiang for the Past 35 Years

城市扩张会导致绿地面积减少和生态功能退化,尤其在干旱缺水的新疆城市,该矛盾更加突出,亟须开展城市扩张与绿地格局演变的定量研究。文章利用遥感数据,通过量化1985—2020年新疆整体、兵团城市、非兵团城市的不透水地表面积和占比的变化、绿地面积和占比的变化,以及绿地破碎度的变化,分析1985—2020年的新疆城市扩张与绿地格局演变特征,探究兵团城市和非兵团城市的发展差异,为西部地区可持续发展提供科学支撑。结果表明:1)35年来新疆城市不透水面积持续增加,由379.89 km^(2)增长至4 947.60 km^(2);绿地面积从40.88万km^(2)下降到39.31万km^(2),且绿地破碎度先降后升。2)兵-地融合发展加速了区域的城市扩张,尤其加快了非兵团城市的扩张;3)35年来非兵团城市绿地面积持续下降,而兵团城市在2010年前绿地面积持续上升,2010—2020年绿地面积快速下降。未来新疆的兵-地融合发展需要更加关注绿地建设,实现区域的高质量、可持续发展。

Urban expansion will lead to the reduction of green spaces and the degradation of ecological functions,especially in the arid and water-scarce cities in Xinjiang.It is urgent to carry out quantitative research on urban expansion and green space pattern evolution.Using remote sensing data,this paper quantifies the changes in impervious surface area and its proportion,green space area and its proportion,and green space fragmentation in Xinjiang as a whole,cities that Production and Construction Corps are stationed and cities without the corps from 1985 to 2020,analyzes the evolution characteristics of urban expansion and green space pattern in Xinjiang,explores the development differences between Corps stationed cities and non-Corps stationed cities,and provides scientific support for sustainable development in the western region.The results show that:1) The impervious area in cities of Xinjiang continues to increase from 379.89 km~2 to 4 947.60 km~2 in the past 35 years,and the area of green space decreases from 408 800 km~2 to 393 100 km~2,with the fragmentation of green space decreasing first and then increasing;2) The integrated development of the corps and local government has accelerated the urban expansion of the region,especially the expansion of cities in which the crops are not stationed;and 3) In the past 35 years,the green space area in cities where corps are not stationed has continued to decline,while the green space area of corps stationed cities continued to rise before 2010 and decreased rapidly from 2010 to 2020.In the future,the integrated crops-local development in Xinjiang needs to pay more attention to green space development in order to achieve high-quality and sustainable development.