鸟类适生视角下海口市小微湿地植物景观设计

Plant Landscape Design of Small Wetlands in Haikou City from the Perspective of Bird Habitat

为提升海口小微湿地的生态功能,从植物景观层面为鸟类提供更多适宜的栖息生境,文章基于海口市20个小微湿地植物与鸟类群落调查,利用层次分析法评价小微湿地的植物多样性、物种相关度、景观特征、植物配置与鸟类多样性的关系。结果表明:调研时段,共记录鸟类112种,其中雀形目、鹈形目和雁形目种数占50%以上,以鹭科鸟种为主,密林、灌丛、草甸生境均为其主要适生生境;记录到植物41科55属191种,以双子叶植物为主;基于物种重要值和群落多样性指数筛选出适合海口市小微湿地鸟类生境和景观营造的乔木、灌木、草本植物各30种。在此基础上,基于鸟类适生视角,构建了适于鸟类栖息的密林生境、疏林生境、灌丛生境、草甸生境、水域生境的14种植物群落构建模式。

To enhance the ecological function of small wetlands in Haikou and provide more suitable habitats for birds from the perspective of plant landscape,this study conducts a survey of plant and bird communities at 20 small wetlands in Haikou and used the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to evaluate the relationships between plant diversity,species correlation,landscape characteristics,plant configuration,and bird diversity.The results show that a total of 112 bird species are recorded in the survey,in which more than 50% belong to the orders of Passeriformes,Pelecaniformes,and Anseriformes and Egrets is the main species.The dominant habitats for these birds are dense forests,shrublands,and grasslands.A total of 191 plant species in 55 genera of 41 families are recorded,and dicotyledonous plants are the dominant species.Based on the importance values of species and the diversity index of communities,30 species of woody,shrubby,and herbaceous plants that are suitable for bird habitats and landscaping are selected and identified.On this basis,the establishment models of 14 plant community that are suitable for bird habitats are proposed from the bird habitat perspective,including dense forest habitats,sparse forest habitats,shrubland habitats,grassland habitats,and water habitats.