复杂系统视阈下“畏惧自然”环境伦理观的当代建构--基于约纳斯“责任原理”的考察

The Contemporary Construction of Environmental Ethics of"Fear for Nature"from the Perspective of Complex Systems:an Investigation based on Jonas'"Imperative of Responsibility"

构建具有较强道德约束力和实践规范性的环境伦理观,是破解当今生态危机、确立人类在自然系统中合理定位的理论基石。由于“非人存在物”是否具有内在价值或固有价值存有广泛争议,“畏惧自然”可以成为一种比敬畏生命、尊重自然更有思想根基、更有理论依据、更具道德约束力,且更少争议的环境伦理方案。由于自然系统的复杂性、行为演化的不可预测性等,以及人类对自然的依附性和已拥有强大的技术“力量”,为了保证未来“人类必须存在”,人类不得不“畏惧自然”。人类的思想观念层面要求对自然时刻保持畏惧的心理状态,理论认知层面要求运用“弹性思维”维持系统的稳定以防止不合理行为导致的系统崩溃,只消耗“利润”、不损害“资本”构成实践规范层面的核心内容。三个维度有机统一,共同构成规范人类行为的“畏惧自然”环境伦理体系。

The construction of an environmental ethics with stronger moral constraints and practical normativity is the theoretical cornerstone for solving todays ecological crisis and establishing a reasonable position of humans within the natural system.Given the extensive debate on whether"non-human entities"possess intrinsic or inherent value,the"fear for nature"can serve as an environmental ethics scheme that is rooted in deeper thought,backed by stronger theoretical justifications,possesses stronger moral constraint,and incurs less controversy compared to"reverence for life"or"respect for nature".Due to the complexity of natural systems,the unpredictability of their behavioral evolution,along with humanity's dependency on nature and possession of powerful technological forces,humans must keep their"fear for nature"to ensure the"there be a mankind"in the future.At the level of ideological concepts,we need to maintain a state of fear for nature at all times;at the level of theoretical understanding,we must use"resilience thinking"to maintain the stability of the system to prevent irrational behavior from causing system collapse;consuming only the"profits"and not damaging the"capital"forms the core content at the level of practical norms.These three dimensions organically unite to form a systematic environmental ethics of"fear for nature"which regulates human behavior.