马克思主义生态批判的理论溯源与现实进路

Theoretical Tracing and Realistic Approach to Marxism Ecological Criticism

良好生态环境是人类社会永续发展的根基和保障,但在资本“效用原则”与增殖性的驱使下,人类社会生态问题日益凸显。马克思恩格斯通过剖析资本主义与生态破坏的共生关系,探索人与其“无机的身体”疏离的根源,论证“机器的资本主义应用”对资本吞噬自然的催化作用,对资本主义的反生态本性进行了深刻批判。为应对生态危机的蔓延与恶化,生态学马克思主义探讨了生态危机的产生根源和化解方案,但仍存在着悖离马克思主义理论原意和实践品格的倾向。世界“百年未有之大变局”下,破解全球生态危机、建设清洁美丽的中国与世界,既需在理论上坚持马克思主义立场和原则,又需在实践中探索解决生态问题的有效进路。

A good ecological environment is the foundation and guarantee for the sustainable development of human society;however,driven by the"utility principle"and proliferation of capital,ecological issues in human society are becoming increasingly prominent.Marx and Engels analyzed the symbiotic relationship between capitalism and ecological destruction,explored the root cause of the alienation between humans and their"inorganic bodies",and demonstrated the catalytic effect of the"capitalist application of machines"on the engulfment of nature by capital.They deeply criticized the anti-ecological nature of capitalism.In response to the spread and deterioration of ecological crises,contemporary ecological Marxist scholars have explored the root causes and solutions of ecological crises,but there is a tendency to deviate from the original intention and practical character of Marxist theory.Under the unprecedented great changes in a century of the world,in order to address the global ecological crisis and build a clean and beautiful China as well as the world,it is necessary to adhere to Marxist stance and principles in theory,and explore effective ways to solve ecological problems in practice.