生态学马克思主义“控制自然”思想的两条阐释路径及其理论启示

Two Interpretation Paths of Ecological Marxism on the Thought of"Controlling Nature"and Their Theoretical Enlightenment

生态学马克思主义的代表人物威廉·莱斯和瑞尼尔·格伦德曼在“控制自然”思想上呈现出两条不同的阐释路径:现代性批判的阐释路径和马克思主义的人道主义阐释路径。威廉·莱斯从现代性批判的视角阐释“控制自然”思想。他认为“控制自然”隐喻着资本主义社会的现代性危机,这表现在:控制自然的观念已成为资本主义社会的意识形态,控制自然的实质是对人的控制,科学技术成为控制人的工具。瑞尼尔·格伦德曼基于马克思主义的人道主义阐释“控制自然”思想。他认为“控制自然”服务于人类的利益和需要,它表现在:人对自然的有效控制是人对自然“人道的占有”,“控制自然”与环境保护的统一在本质上是人类利益与自然利益的统一,“控制自然”预先假定的目的是能否增进人类福祉与满足人类需要。威廉·莱斯和瑞尼尔·格伦德曼对“控制自然”思想的两条不同阐释路径,不仅深化了我们对资本主义社会生态问题的理解,也给予我国生态文明建设以理论上的启示。

The representatives of ecological Marxism,William Leiss and Reiner Grundmann,present two different interpretation paths on the thought of"controlling nature":the interpretation path of modernity criticism and the humanitarian interpretation path of Marxism.Leiss interprets the idea of"controlling nature"from the perspective of modernity criticism.He believes that"controlling nature"is a metaphor for the crisis of modernity in capitalist society,which is manifested in that the concept of controlling nature has become the ideology of capitalist society,the essence of controlling nature is the control of human beings,and science and technology have become the tools of controlling human beings.Grundmann's humanist interpretation of the idea of"controlling nature"is based on Marxism.He believes that"controlling nature"serves the interests and needs of human beings,which is reflected in that the effective controlling nature by human beings is the"humane possession"of nature,and the unity of"controlling nature"and environmental protection is essentially the unity of human interests and natural interests,and the presupposed purpose of"controlling nature"is whether it can improve human welfare and meet human needs.Leiss and Grundmann's two different interpretations of the thought of"controlling nature"not only deepen our understanding of the ecological problems of capitalist society,but also shed theoretical insights to the construction of ecological civilization in our country.