生态文明视域下国家公园的自然价值内涵及伦理原则

The Natural Values Connotation and Ethical Principles of National Parks from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

国家公园是新时代生态文明建设的关键载体,是人与自然和谐共生现代化的重要结晶。国家公园是一种自然存在的典范之地。它是自然、生态、环境与人有效联结的自然保护地范式,其所内生的自然价值是支撑其内涵的核心要义。自然价值是人类对自然界中能够满足地球生态系统的整体存在需求及其有用性的存在物的诠释。从自然价值所折射出的新生境哲学,构成了国家公园融入新时代生态文明建设的哲学基础。自然生命与地球生态和谐融合的新生境哲学,体现了原生生态系统有效修复并融于自然的新境界。新生境哲学是对新生境之存在与发展的辩证反思与哲学诠释。保护国家公园的自然价值,需要从新生境哲学的内涵中提炼人、公园、土地、生态与自然之间的逻辑关系及其伦理原则,既在自然价值序列中吸收新生境的道德要素,又从人类敬畏自然的善意行动中理解万物存在于国家公园中的意义价值。以新生境哲学为指导保护国家公园自然价值,必须遵循自然至上、系统整全、多元共生和美丽循环四个原则,以维护和实现国家公园生态系统和自然文化遗产的原真性、完整性。

National Park is the key carrier of the construction of ecological civilization in the new era and the important crystallization of the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.A national park is a prime example of natural existence.It is a paradigm of nature reserves that effectively connect nature,ecology,environment and people,and its inherent natural value is the core essence that underpins its connotation.Natural value is the cohesion and interpretation of human beings on all the existences in nature and their need for the overall existence and usefulness of meeting the overall existence of the earth's ecosystem.The new habitat philosophy reflected from the natural value is the philosophical basis for grasping the integration of national parks into the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.New habitat is a field that revolves around the harmonious integration of natural life and the earth's ecology,and it is also a new realm that reflects the effective restoration of native ecosystems and integration into nature.The philosophy of new habitat is a dialectical reflection and philosophical interpretation of the existence and development of new habitat.To protect the natural value of national parks,it is necessary to extract the logical relationship between human beings,parks,land,ecology and nature and their ethical principles from the connotation of the new habitat philosophy.It not only absorbs the moral elements of the natural values,but also understands the meaning and value of the existence of all life in national parks from the goodwill actions of human beings to revere nature.Guided by the new habitat philosophy,the process of promoting the protection of the natural value of national parks must follow the four principles of nature first,system integrity,pluralism and symbiosis and beauty cycle,so as to maintain and realize the authenticity and integrity of the national park's ecosystem and natural cultural heritage.