地膜覆盖与有机肥施用对稻田土壤养分与酶活性的影响

Effects of film covering and organic fertilizeron soil nutrients and enzyme activity in rice field

采用水稻移栽覆膜技术,通过测定常规栽培施有机肥、覆膜栽培施有机肥、常规栽培施化肥、覆膜栽培施化肥4个处理0~20 cm土壤样本,探究了地膜覆盖与有机肥施用对稻田土壤养分与酶活性的影响.结果表明:与常规栽培相比,覆膜后,生育前期0~5 cm土壤温度提高了1℃~3℃,同时地膜覆盖显著降低了稻田土壤pH与有机质、全氮、全磷含量,过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性也均有所下降,但碱解氮、速效磷与速效钾含量均显著提高;与化肥相比,施用有机肥显著提高了稻田土壤有机质含量、全量养分含量、速效养分含量与酶活性.施用有机肥能有效缓解地膜覆盖造成的土壤养分的消耗与酶活性的降低,提高土壤可持续生产力.

The experiment was conducted in Jiutai City,Changchun City,Jilin Province to investigate the effects of mulching and organic fertilizer application on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in rice fields,and to provide theoretical support for effectively improving soil quality and ensuring high-yielding and efficient rice cultivation.The experiment was conducted in Jiutai City,Changchun City,Jilin Province,with four treatments:organic fertilizer applied to conventional cultivation,organic fertilizer applied to mulch cultivation,chemical fertilizer applied to conventional cultivation,and chemical fertilizer applied to mulch cultivation.The effects of film mulching and organic fertilizer application on soil temperature,pH,nutrients and soil enzymes in the cultivated layer were measured.Compared with conventional cultivation,the soil temperature of 0~5 cm in the early stage of fertility increased by 1℃to 3℃after mulching,while mulching significantly reduced the pH,organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus content,and decreased the activities of catalase,sucrase and urease,but significantly increased the contents of alkaline nitrogen,fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium;compared with chemical fertilizer,the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the organic matter content,total nutrient content and fast-acting potassium content.Compared with chemical fertilizers,the application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the organic matter content,total nutrient content,fast-acting nutrient content and enzyme activity of paddy soil.However,the soil pH,organic matter content,total nutrient content and enzyme activity were significantly reduced,and the ground power was seriously depleted.The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content and enzyme activity,improve soil quality,alleviate the soil stress depletion caused by mulching,and increase sustainable soil productivity.