公益林补偿收益权质押贷款模式适用条件与推广策略——基于国内4种典型模式的比较分析

Financing Model of Pledge Loan of Ecological Compensation Income Right of Public Welfare Forest——Based on Comparative Analysis of Four Typical Modes in China

公益林补偿收益权质押贷款模式的创新对于缓解林农资金短缺、盘活公益林资源具有重大意义。本文梳理归纳了国内典型的4种公益林补偿收益权质押贷款模式的操作流程和运行模式,并从贷款模式、实施方式、借款对象、贷款结构、风控机制5个方面进行比较。研究发现:当地经济状况、公益林资源基础条件、贷款主体类型和规模以及农村金融市场成熟度会影响不同贷款模式应用条件。由此,建议各地区结合实际情况选择适合的贷款模式,并从发展林下经济、完善公益林收益权登记制度、充分利用质押担保机制、完善收益权流转评估体系和发挥基层组织的牵头作用五方面提出建议。

The innovation of public welfare forest compensation usufruct pledge loan model is of great significance to alleviate the shortage of forest farmers'funds and revitalize public welfare forest resources.This paper summarized the operation process and operation mode of four typical pledge loan modes of compensation usufruct of public welfare forest in China,and made a comparative analysis from five aspects,including lending model,implementation method,lending target,loan structure,and risk control mechanism.The results showed that local economic situation,public welfare forest resource conditions,the type and size of lending entities,and the maturity of the rural financial markets will affect the application conditions of different loan models.Therefore,it was suggested that all regions should choose the public welfare forest loan model suitable for their own region in combination with the actual situation,and suggestions were made on developing the forest economy,improving the registration system for public welfare forest revenue rights,making full use of the pledge guarantee mechanism,improving the appraisal system for the transfer of revenue rights and giving play to the leading role of grass-roots organizations.