家校共育模式对学龄前儿童口腔健康的影响评价

Evaluation of the Effect of Home-school Co-education Model on Oral Health of Preschool Children

目的探索家校共育模式对学龄前儿童口腔健康的影响。方法采用整群抽样选取2022年6月—2023年9月肇庆市端州区的398名学龄前儿童及其所在的家庭和班级作为研究对象,根据单双数分为研究组(193名)、对照组(205名)。对研究组的家长及所在班级的保健教师进行系统性的口腔健康继续教育,并以实践任务的形式要求其对学龄前儿童进行口腔健康管理,对照组采用常规口腔健康教育。比较两组学龄前儿童口腔健康状况(龋齿发病率、龋齿充填率和牙龈炎患病率)、口腔卫生状况(菌斑指数、牙龈指数)及口腔健康行为。结果干预后,研究组儿童龋齿发病率和牙龈炎患病率分别为2.01%(4/193)和9.32%(18/193),低于对照组的9.76%(20/205)和23.41%(48/205),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.36、14.26,P均<0.05);研究组共检出龋齿328颗,对照组共检出龋齿385颗,研究组的龋齿充填率为72.87%(239/328),高于对照组的64.42%(248/385),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.84,P<0.05)。研究组儿童口腔卫生状况及口腔健康行为优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论通过对校园保健医生和家长进行口腔健康继续教育,构建家校共育口腔健康教育模式,可有效改善学龄前儿童口腔健康状况。

Objective To explore the effect of home-school co-education model on the oral health of preschool chil⁃dren.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 398 preschool children and their families and classes in Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City from June 2022 to September 2023 as the research objects.According to the odd and even numbers,they were divided into study group(193 cases)and control group(205 cases).The parents of the study group and the health teachers in the class were given systematic oral health continuing education,and the pre⁃school children were required to carry out oral health management in the form of practical tasks.The control group was given routine oral health education.The oral health status(caries incidence,caries filling rate and gingivitis preva⁃lence),oral health status(plaque index,gingival index)and oral health behavior of preschool children were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the incidence of dental caries and gingivitis in the study group were 2.01%(4/193)and 9.32%(18/193),respectively,which were lower than 9.76%(20/205)and 23.41%(48/205)in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=10.36,14.26,both P<0.05).A total of 328 den⁃tal caries were detected in the study group and 385 dental caries were detected in the control group.The filling rate of dental caries in the study group was 72.87%(239/328),which was higher than 64.42%(248/385)in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.84,P<0.05).The oral health status and oral health behavior of children in the study group were better than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically signifi⁃cant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Through oral health continuing education for school health care doctors and parents,the oral health education model of home-school co-education can effectively improve the oral health status of pre⁃school children.