蜀道在世界文明史中的意义

The Significance of Shudao in the History of World Civilization

蜀道在中国古代交通格局中有重要的地位。蜀道的开通对于克服秦岭、巴山阻障,实现南北早期文明的沟通,有重要的作用。因此在世界文明生成的初期,蜀道成为交通开发史中的特例。上古时期关中与巴蜀这两个“天府”由蜀道连通,也为统一的秦帝国的诞生准备了条件。而秦帝国出现于世界东方,改变了全球史的格局。蜀道成为战国、秦及西汉“大关中”出现的基础,而“大关中”即所谓“山西”“关西”,曾经是世界东方的政治、经济、文化重心。蜀道联系秦汉行政中枢咸阳-长安与西南地方,继续延伸,则有“西夷西”国际道路的开拓,形成“西南丝绸之路”以及通过“枸酱”之路与南海丝路起点番禺、徐闻、合浦的连通。而汉简所见敦煌“之蜀”道路,也可以理解为西北丝绸之路的支线。由此也实现了丝绸之路河西路段与蜀道交通系统的曲折关联。蜀道研究因而也应当被作为对世界文明进程显示出重要意义的丝绸之路史考察的主题之一。

Shudao(the road to Sichuan)played an important role in the traffic pattern in ancient China for overcoming the obstacles of the Qinling Mountains and Bashan Mountains and facilitating the communication between the early North and South civilizations.Therefore,in the early stage of world civilization,it became a special case in the history of traffic development.In ancient times,Guanzhong and Bashu,the land of abundance,were connected by Shudao,which prepared the conditions for the unified Qin Empire.The Qin Empire in the east of the world changed the pattern of global history.Shudao became the basis for the emergence of“Great Guanzhong”in the Warring States,Qin and Western Han Dynasties.“Great Guanzhong”was the so-called“Shanxi”and“Guanxi”,which was once the political,economic and cultural center in the East of the world.Shudao connected Xianyang,the administrative center of Qin and Han dynasties,Chang’an and the southwest.It continued to extend,contributing to the development of the“Xiyi West”international road,forming the“Southwest Silk Road”.Through the“Gou Jiang”road,it integrated the starting points of Silk Road in the South China Sea like Panyu,Xuwen and Hepu.Shudao in bamboo slips of Han dynasty can also be understood as a branch of the Northwest Silk Road.Thus,it also realized the connection between Hexi section of the Silk Road and traffic system of Shudao.Therefore,the study of Shudao should also be regarded as one of the themes of the historical investigation of the Silk Road,which has shown great significance to the process of world civilization.