试论北宋熙宁年间东南诸路的增设新县现象

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of New County Establishment in the Southeast Regions of the Northern Song Dynasty During the Xining Period(1068—1077)

王安石变法期间,北方的河北、河东、永兴军等路为节省地方行政成本,裁撤了大量县,而东南各路却没有出现这种情况。后来陈瓘指称王安石对北方和南方采取双重标准,即主张在北方大量撤县的同时,却在南方析置新县。经过考察可知,王安石变法期间,东南各路的新设县数量很少。而自五代宋初以来,东南各路却多有新设县。北宋在东南各路增设新县,一方面是平定南方各政权后,在新纳土地上调整行政区;另一方面是由于人口增长,经济发展,地方事务增多所致。王安石的判断实际反映了当时东南经济迅速发展,人口和地方事务急剧增加的时代背景。

During the Xining years of the Northern Song dynasty,while northern regions like Hebei,Hedong,and Yongxingjun saw the reduction of counties to cut costs,the southeastern regions did not face similar reductions.Chen Guan later accused Wang Anshi of applying double standards,advocating for county abolition in the north while promoting new county establishment in the south.Investigation revealed that the establishment of new counties in the southeastern regions was minimal during Wang Anshi’s reforms.However,since the late Five Dynasties and the early Song dynasty,the southeastern regions had frequently established new counties.This phenomenon can be attributed to two main factors:firstly,the adjustment of administrative divisions on newly annexed lands following the pacification of the southern regimes;secondly,the surge in population,economic growth,and the escalation of local affairs.Wang Anshi’s judgment reflected the rapid economic development and population growth and the increase of local affairs in the southeastern regions.