唐宋城市转型进程中城乡“围城效应”的文学书写

Literary Writing of the Urban-Rural“Siege Effect”in the Process of Urban Transformation in the Tang and Song Dynasties

唐宋城市转型进程中城乡政治、经济、文化多层面分化促使生活于两大空间的人们在生存发展的价值判断、取舍基础上,出现了城乡“围城效应”,促成了城乡空间双向奔赴的文学书写。由乡向城奔赴的文学书写包括学而优入城的政治性和文化性流动、富而入城与入城而富的商业性流动、村民入城的生活性空间位移,由城向乡奔赴的文学书写包括文人归田梦的精神性奔赴、衣锦还乡的炫耀性奔赴、归园田居的生活性和精神性双重奔赴。唐宋城市转型释放了城市发展的活力,使得城市在物质经济、社会文化等方面相对于乡村的优越性渐趋加强。城乡关系逐渐失衡也带来城乡“围城效应”的失衡,文学书写中相应地隐含了对城乡文化差异的认同。所以,城乡“围城效应”不仅是物理空间上的双向奔赴,更是城乡在政治地位、经济方式、文化功能等深层次博弈的反映。

During the Tang and Song dynasties,urban transformation led to the multi-dimensional differentiation of politics,economy and culture in urban and rural areas.This transformation has led to urban-rural“siege effect”,where people’s movement between urban and rural spaces was based on value judgment and trade-offs of survival and development,which has contributed to the literary writing between urban and rural space.The literary writing depicting the migration from the countryside to the city often reflects the political and cultural mobility,such as opportunities for city life through excelling in education,the commercial flow by possessing wealth or getting opportunities to become rich,and the living space displacement of villagers into the city;the literary writing portraying movement from the city to the countryside includes the spiritual renewal of the literati returning to rural life,the noticeable return to the hometown after gaining fame,and the acts of living or spiritually reconnecting with agricultural life.The urban transformation of the Tang and Song dynasties released the vitality of urban development,which has gradually strengthened the superiority of the city over the countryside in material economy,social culture and other aspects.The gradual imbalance between urban-rural relations also led to a disparity in the“siege effect”between urban and rural areas.The recognition of urban-rural cultural differences is subtly reflected in literary writing.Therefore,the urban and rural“siege effect”is not only a two-way trip in physical space,but also a reflection of the deeper negotiation of urban and rural areas in political status,economic mode and cultural function.