网络“恶搞”行为的刑法规制边界

The Criminal Law Boundary of Online“Spoofing”Behavior

随着网络技术与新媒介的融合发展,网络“恶搞”行为呈现泛化与异化趋势。网络“恶搞”由反文化向亚文化演进,其被赋予了表达与传播的功能并逐渐从个体向大众流变。网络“恶搞”的中性化、传播化、大众化使刑法对网络“恶搞”行为的介入与规制面临着现实困境。从法益类型化的视角来看,网络“恶搞”行为涉及的犯罪可以分为侵害国家法益犯罪、侵害社会法益犯罪与侵害个人法益犯罪。在刑法介入网络“恶搞”行为时,其行为涉及的内容应为刑法所禁止的内容;在主观层面,行为人应当具有实际恶意与不法目的;在客观层面,网络“恶搞”行为须具有法益侵害的危害结果;在法律后果方面,以“没收供犯罪所用的本人财物”为代表的保安处分应当谨慎适用。

With the integration and development of network technology and new media,online“spoofing”behavior is showing a trend of generalization and diversification.Evolving from counterculture to subculture,online“spoofing”has been endowed with functions of expression and dissemination,gradually transitioning from individual to mass dissemination.The neutralization,dissemination,and popularization of it pose real challenges to the intervention and regulation of criminal law.From the perspective of legal interest typology,crimes related to online“spoofing”can be classified into those that infringe upon national legal interests,social legal interests,and individual legal interests.When criminal law intervenes in online“spoofing”behavior,the content of the behavior should be prohibited by criminal law;at the subjective level,the perpetrator should have actual malice and unlawful intent;at the objective level,online“spoofing”behavior must result in harm to legal interests;in terms of legal consequences,security measures such as the“confiscation of the perpetrator’s property used for the crime”should be cautiously applied.