不同植烟土壤与移栽方式对烤烟生长及品质的影响

Effects of Different Types of Soil and Transplanting Methods on the Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明适宜不同植烟土壤类型(黄壤和黑壤)烤烟的移栽技术,为提高烟叶产质量提供技术支撑。【方法】采用双因素裂区试验,主因素为土壤类型:黄壤、黑壤,副因素为移栽方式:常规移栽方式(CK)、井窖式移栽(T_(1))、膜下小苗移栽(T_(2))、鸭嘴式移栽(T_(3))、营养块移栽(T_(4)),通过分析烟株的长势、移栽成活率、烟草病虫害感染情况,测定烤后烟叶化学成分,分析不同土壤类型下不同移栽方式对烟株生长发育及品质的影响。【结果】各烟区移栽成活率以营养块移栽最高,鸭嘴式移栽次之;黄壤烟区鸭嘴式移栽和营养块移栽烟株在大田期农艺性状各项指标生长发育较好,黑壤烟区营养块移栽和对照的株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶宽和叶宽占优势;烟株打顶之后,黑壤烟区均为筒型,黄壤烟区有筒型、鼓型和高台型3种株型。各烟区鸭嘴式移栽的赤星病、青枯病和烟青虫发病率均低,黄壤烟区分别为5.37%、0.73%和17.57%,黑壤烟区分别为0.18%、0和4.89%;黄壤烟区鸭嘴式移栽和营养块移栽的总氮、总植物碱含量较高,黑壤烟区鸭嘴式移栽和井窖式移栽的总糖、还原糖含量较高,各处理钾含量均较低。【结论】鸭嘴式移栽有利于烟株生长及烟叶品质的形成,综合表现较好,是适合黄壤和黑壤的烤烟移栽方式。

【Objective】The transplanting techniques suitable for flue-cured tobacco planted in different type of soil(yellow soil and black soil)was investigated to provide technique support for improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.【Method】A dual factor split zone experiment was conducted,with the main factors being soil type:yellow soil and black soil,and the secondary factors being transplanting method:conventional transplanting method(CK),well-cellar transplanting(T_(1)),small seedling transplanting under plastic film(T_(2)),duckbill-type transplanting(T_(3))and nutrient block transplanting(T_(4)).The growth potential of tobacco plants,survival rate of transplanting and infection of tobacco diseases and pests were studied and analyzed,and the chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves was measured to explore the effects of different transplanting methods on the growth,development and quality of tobacco plants planted in different types of soil.【Result】The survival rate of transplanting in all tobacco growing areas was highest under T_(4) treatment,followed by T_(3).In the tobacco-planting area with yellow soil,the growth and development of various agronomic traits under T_(3) treatment and T_(4) treatment were better during the field period,while in the tobacco-planting area with black soil,the plant height,stem circumference,effective leaf number,maximum leaf width and leaf width of T_(4) treatment and CK treatment were dominant.After topping of tobacco plant,the plant types of tobacco planted in black-soil area were all cylindrical,while the plant type of tobacco planted in yellow-soil area were cylindrical,drum and high platform type.In each tobacco area,the incidence rate of brown spot,bacterial wilt and Helicoverpa assulta under T_(3) treatment were low with 5.37%,0.73%and 17.57%respectively in yellow soil,and 0.18%,0 and 4.89%in black soil.Under yellow soil condition,the total nitrogen and total alkaloid contents of T_(3) and T_(4) treatment were higher,while under black soil condition,the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of T_(3) and T_(1) treatment were higher,and the potassium content of each treatment was lower.【Conclusion】Duckbill-type transplanting is beneficial to the growth and development of tobacco plant and the quality of tobacco leaves,and has better comprehensive performance,indicating that it is the transplanting method suitable for yellow and black soil.