昆明地区22种苦苣苔科植物引种综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation on Introduction of 22 Gesneriaceae Plants in Kunming

【目的】筛选在昆明地区适应性强、观赏价值高的苦苣苔科植物,为苦苣苔科植物开发、推广及新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】基于保存率、长势、病虫害等7个指标对贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔、长茎芒毛苣苔等22种苦苣苔科植物进行生长状况评价,并运用层次分析法(AHP)对22种苦苣苔科植物的花色、叶长、株型等17个指标进行观赏性状评价。【结果】生长状况评价方面,所有种类均能正常越冬并开花,其生长状况可被划分为5个等级,其中,生长优良(Ⅰ)、生长良好(Ⅱ)、生长一般(Ⅲ)和生长不良(Ⅳ)的种分别占总数的18.18%、27.27%、13.64%和40.91%,无全部死亡(Ⅴ)的种。观赏性状评价方面,在17个指标中花色、群体花期和花茎轴长占重要因素,花序繁密度、花筒长度、叶面斑纹、生长状况和株型因素次之。根据每个物种的综合评价分值,将22个苦苣苔科植物划分为3个等级:一级总分≥3.0,观赏性最强,包括贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔等6个种;二级总分2.5~3.0,包括长柱报春苣苔、焰苞报春苣苔等12个种;三级总分≤2.5,包括冬花报春苣苔、龙氏报春苣苔等4个种。【结论】贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔、长茎芒毛苣苔、烟叶报春苣苔、圆叶汉克苣苔和斑叶汉克苣苔6个一级种适宜在昆明地区引种应用;长柱报春苣苔、焰苞报春苣苔、齿叶吊石苣苔、柳江报春苣苔、爱子报春苣苔、川鄂粗筒苣苔等、黄花牛耳朵、河池报春苣苔和革叶光叶苣苔12个二级种要按实际需求选择性引种;冬花报春苣苔、龙氏报春苣苔、单座苣苔和紫花苣苔4个三级种不适合在昆明地区引种栽培。

【Objective】The Gesneriaceae plants with strong adaptability and high ornamental value in Kunming were screened to provide a reference for the development,popularization and breeding of new cultivars of Gesneriaceae.【Method】The growth status of 22 Gesneriaceae plants,including Primulina guigangensis,Primulina dryas,Aeschynanthus longicaulis,was evaluated based on 7 indexes,such as preservation rate,growth,disease and pests.The ornamental characters of 22 Gesneriaceae plants were evaluated from 17 indexes(color of flower,leaf length,plant type,etc.)through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).【Result】In terms of the growth status evaluation,all of the species could live through the winter and bloom normally,and their growth status could be divided into 5 classes,among which 18.18%of the total species grew excellently(Ⅰ),27.27%of the total species grew well(Ⅱ),and 13.64%of the total species grew generally(Ⅲ).The species with poor growth(Ⅳ)accounted for 40.91%,and none of the species died(Ⅴ).In terms of the evaluation of ornamental characters,flower color,population florescence and the length of flower stem axis were important factors in the 17 indexes,followed by inflorescence density,tube length,leaf markings,growth status and plant type.According to the comprehensive score of each species,22 Gesneriaceae plants could be divided into 3 grades.Grade One with the total scores≥3.0 had the strongest ornamental value,including P.guigangensis,P.dryas and other 4 species.Grade Two with the total scores ranging from 2.5 to 3.0 included P.longistyla,P.spadiciformis and other 10 species.Grade Three with the total scores≤2.5 included P.hiemalis,P.longii and other 2 species.【Conclusion】6 species of Grade One,including P.guigangensis,P.dryas,A.longicaulis,P.heterotricha,Henckelia dielsii and Henckelia pumila are suitable for introducing and application in Kunming.12 species of Grade Two,including P.longistyla,P.spadiciformis,Lysionotus serratus,Primulina liujiangensis,Primulina‘Aiko’,Oreocharis rosthornii,Primulina lutea,Primulina hochiensis and Glabrella mihieri,should be selectively introduced according to actual needs.4 species of Grade Three,including P.hiemalis,P.longii,Hemiboea ovalifolia and Loxostigma griffithii,are not suitable for introduction and cultivation in Kunming.