生态环境法典基本概念探析

On the Basic Concepts in Ecological Environmental Code

生态环境法典编纂工作中,具有“一体三面”关系的基本概念“生态环境”“生态”“环境”“资源”亟待明确。四者内涵交织不清,传统方法难以厘定。解决这一难点问题,应从禁止性规范—侵害原因行为—三面防治—一体保护的路径出发,以词源学、语法学和法教义学作辅,界定各概念基本范畴,并为“污染环境”“破坏生态”“侵占资源”划定界限。单纯讨论保护环境、生态、资源无意义,任何保护措施的最终目的都是保护生态环境整体,要素只是切入点,而不是相互独立的分类依据。由点及面,法典体系结构亦应调整,将“绿色低碳发展编”汇入“总则编”和“生态保护编”中,新增“自然资源保护编”,由此实现法典体系融贯。

In the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code,the basic concepts of“ecological environment”,“ecology”,“environment”and“resources”,with the first as the umbrella concept,need to be clarified.The intertwining connotations of these four terms are difficult to distinguish in the traditional way.So to crack this hard nut,we should start from prohibitive norms,infringement causes,triple prevention,and overall protection,with the support of etymology,grammar,and legal hermeneutics,to define the basic categories of each term and delineate the boundaries for“environmental pollution”,“ecosystem destruction”and“resource encroachment”.Mere discussion of the protection of environment,ecology and resources is meaningless because the ultimate goal of any protective measures is to protect the overall ecological environment,with elements of environment serving as entry points of protection rather than independent classification criteria.So we should start from specifics to adjust the general structure of the code system,integrating the“Green Low-Carbon Development Code”into the“General Principles Code”and the“Ecological Protection Code”,and adding the“Natural Resource Protection Code”,so as to achieve coherence in the code system.