非物质文化遗产与传统村落空间位置关系及异质性因素分析——以武陵山片区为例

Analysis on the spatial location relationship and heterogeneity factors between intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages:a case study of Wuling Mountain area

基于武陵山片区650项非物质文化遗产(简称“非遗”)和735处传统村落位置信息,以核密度分析、重心模型探讨二者的空间分布格局和结构特征,揭示二者的空间位置关系;借助ArcGIS 10.5、区位熵和地理探测器剖析影响非遗及传统村落分布的异质性因素。研究发现:1)武陵山片区非遗和传统村落空间分布具有典型的非均衡性特征,非遗“大集聚小分散”的空间分布模式显著,传统村落“环核群-带状区”的空间分布规律突出,从空间距离上看,二者错位关系明显;2)受自然环境和人文环境影响,二者的空间分布偏好不同,影响非遗和传统村落空间分布的驱动因素各异,二者对不同因素的响应既有要素综合性也有尺度差异性和空间异质性;3)武陵山片区非遗空间分布受人文环境因素影响更为显著,不同地区传统村落空间分布的影响因素差异性突出,对异质性因素的响应差异是导致非遗和传统村落在空间分布上形成错位关系的原因。

Based on the location information of 650 intangible cultural heritage items and 735 traditional villages in Wuling Mountain area,the spatial distribution pattern and structural characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage items and traditional villages were discussed by using kernel density analysis and gravity center model,and the spatial location relationship was revealed.The heterogeneous factors affecting the distribution of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages were analyzed with the help of ArcGIS 10.5,location entropy and geographic detector.The findings are as follows:1)The spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages in Wuling Mountain area has typical non-equilibrium characteristics.The spatial distribution pattern of intangible cultural heritage is significant in“large agglomeration but small dispersion”,and the spatial distribution law of traditional villages is prominent in“ring core group-zonal area”.From the perspective of spatial distance,the dislocation relationship between the two is obvious.2)Under the influence of natural environment and cultural environment,the spatial distribution preferences of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages are different,and the driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages are different.The responses of the two to different factors are not only factor comprehensiveness,but also scale difference and spatial heterogeneity.3)The spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in the region is more significantly affected by cultural environment factors,and the spatial distribution of traditional villages in different regions is significantly different from each other.Different responses to heterogeneity factors are the cause of the dislocation relationship between intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages in spatial distribution.