旅游城镇化质量与规模的空间错位分析——以湖南武陵山片区为例

Analysis of spatial misalignment between the quality and scale of tourism urbanization:a case study of Wuling Mountain area of Hunan

运用重心模型、空间错位模型和计量模型实证分析湖南武陵山片区2011—2021年旅游城镇化质量与规模的空间错位特征及驱动因素。结果表明:1)湖南武陵山片区旅游城镇化质量与规模发展水平总体呈上升态势,其中质量增速快于规模,但规模整体高于质量;空间上,旅游城镇化质量与规模均呈现“东北高、西南低”的分异格局,武陵源、永定和凤凰作为质量-规模“双高区”成为旅游城镇化发展的“领头羊”。2)湖南武陵山片区旅游城镇化质量与规模存在空间错位现象,空间错位程度以2015年为节点呈先降后升态势;空间错位方向由以规模优先的正向错位区为主转变为以质量优先的负向错位区为主;空间错位等级由高到低呈现“金字塔”结构,低错位区数量占比始终保持在50%以上。3)人均GDP、城乡居民人均可支配收入比、旅客周转量和旅游产业集聚对旅游城镇化质量与规模空间错位产生负向影响,旅游人口密度对旅游城镇化质量与规模空间错位产生正向影响。

Empirical analysis of the spatial misalignment characteristics and driving factors of tourism urbanization quality and scale in the Wuling Mountain area of Hunan from 2011 to 2021 using the center of gravity model,spatial misalignment index,and econometric model.The results show that:1)The quality and scale development level of tourism urbanization in the Wuling Mountain area of Hunan are generally on the rise,with the quality growth rate faster than the scale,but the overall scale is higher than the quality.In space,the quality and scale of tourism urbanization show a differentiation pattern of“high in the northeast and low in the southwest”.Wulingyuan,Yongding and Fenghuang,as“double high areas”of quality and scale,have become“leaders”in the development of tourism urbanization.2)There is a spatial mismatch between the quality and scale of tourism urbanization in the Wuling Mountain area of Hunan:the degree of spatial mismatch shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with 2015 as the node.The direction of spatial displacement has shifted from a scale first positive displacement area to a quality first negative displacement area.The level of spatial misalignment presents a pyramid structure from high to low,with the proportion of low misalignment areas consistently remaining above 50%.3)Per capita GDP,per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents,passenger turnover,and tourism industry agglomeration have a negative impact on the quality and spatial mismatch of tourism urbanization,while tourism population density has a positive impact on the quality and spatial mismatch of tourism urbanization.