放射性废物焚烧处理技术概述

Overview of Radioactive Waste Incineration Treatment Methods

本文重点研究了放射性废物处理中焚烧技术的应用,并分析了德国Karlsruhe焚烧炉、比利时CILVA焚烧炉、中辐院热解焚烧炉等五大代表性焚烧炉,尤其以第三代技术为重点,分析了中辐院早期热解焚烧工艺、瑞士的ZWILAG热等离子体焚烧工艺等,中辐院热解焚烧工艺作为国内先进废物热处理工艺,具有减容效果优异、焚烧灰性质稳定、放射性核素截留率高等特点,瑞士ZWILAG作为第一个完全的等离子体焚烧工艺,具有处理速度快,不可燃废物玻璃化浸出率极低等特点,总结各工艺优缺点和适用场景,可为实际生产应用选择方法提供参考和依据。

This paper focuses on the application of incineration technology in the treatment of radioactive waste,and analyzes five representative incinerators,such as Karlsruhe incinerator in Germany,CILVA incinerator in Belgium and pyrolysis incinerator in China Institute for radiation Protection,especially focusing on the third generation technology.The early pyrolysis incineration process in CIRP and the ZWILAG thermal plasma incineration process in Switzerland are analyzed.CIRP pyrolysis incineration process as an advanced waste heat treatment process in China.With the characteristics of excellent volume reduction,stable incineration ash and high radionuclide retention,Swiss ZWILAG,as the first complete plasma incineration process,has the characteristics of fast treatment speed and low vitrification leaching rate of non-combustible waste.The advantages and disadvantages of each process and applicable scenarios are summarized,which can provide reference and basis for the selection of methods for practical production.