水稻叶片喷施阻镉剂对产量和镉吸收的影响

Effects of Leaf Spraying with Cadmium Inhibitor on Rice Yield and Cadmium Absorption

镉(Cd)是一种危害粮食安全的重金属元素。为了降低水稻籽粒Cd含量,阻止水稻吸收和转运Cd具有重要意义。本文以华南地区种植面积最大的优质籼稻品种美香占2号为试验材料,设置健康土壤+清水喷施(T1)、镉污染土壤+清水喷施(T2)、镉污染土壤+喷施低浓度(800倍液)阻镉剂(T3)、镉污染土壤+喷施高浓度(300倍液)阻镉剂(T4)共4个处理,探讨喷施不同浓度阻镉剂对水稻产量、光合作用和Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,喷施阻镉剂能够显著增加水稻籽粒质量和生物量,与T2处理相比,T3和T4处理的籽粒质量分别增加81.70%和48.57%,生物量分别增加53.14%和24.32%。与T2处理相比,T3处理的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率分别增加9.72%、42.76%、7.30%和17.05%,但T4处理稍有减少,差异不显著。T3处理各部位的Cd吸收量与T2处理相比均无显著差异,其中实粒Cd含量降低33.11%,但籽粒Cd在总Cd吸收量中的占比显著降低31.77%。表明水稻叶面喷施适量阻隔剂能促进光合作用,增加生物量,减少Cd向籽粒转运,增加产量,其中以叶面喷施低浓度阻隔剂(800倍液)效果更好。

Cadmium(Cd)is an important heavy metal that endangers food security.In order to reduce the contents of Cd in rice grains,preventing rice from absorbing and transporting Cd is of great significance.This study took the high-quality indica rice variety Meixiangzhan 2,which had the largest planting area in South China,as the experimental material.Four treatments were set up:healthy soil+spraying water(T1),cadmium contaminated soil+spraying water(T2),cadmium contaminated soil+spraying low concentration cadmium inhibitor(800-fold liquid)(T3),and cadmium contaminated soil+spraying high concentration cadmium inhibitor(300-fold liquid)(T4).The effects of spraying different concentrations of cadmium inhibitor on rice yield,photosynthesis,and cadmium absorption were explored.The results showed that spraying cadmium inhibitors could significantly increase rice yield and biomass.Compared with T2 treatment,T3 and T4 treatments increased rice yield by 81.70%and 48.57%,respectively,and increased rice biomass by 53.14%and 24.32%,respectively.Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,and transpiration rate increased by 9.72%,42.76%,7.30%,and 17.05%,respectively,in T3 treatment,but decreased no significantly in T4 treatment,compared with T2 treatment.There was no significant difference in Cd absorption between all parts of T3 treatment and T2 treatment,among them,the Cd contents in plump grains reduced by 33.11%,but the proportion of grain Cd in the total Cd absorption significantly decreased by 31.77%.This indicated that spraying 800-fold liquid of cadmium inhibitor on rice leaves could enhance photosynthesis,increase biomass,reduce Cd transport to grains,and increase grain yield.